环境工程专业英语课后习题部分答案

环境工程专业英语课后习题部分答案（第二版）——钟理主编Exercises0Writeanarticleaboutyourself,includingpersonalbackground,family,education,interests,ambitionsandothers.Writeasmuchasyouwouldliketo.AboutMyselfMynameisQinZheng.IamfromXiangshan,whichisasmalltowninNingboDistrict.ItisverybeautifulandnowadaysalotoffilmsandTVprogrammesareshotthere.Moreandmorepeoplewentthereforaholiday.Thepeopletherearelaborious,virtuousandwarmhearted.I’mmuchfelicitatedthatIwasbornandraisedupthere.ItismyhometownandIwillloveitforever.Myfamilyhasbeenengagedinfarmingforgenerations.Myrelativesareallfarmers.Myancestorsandmyparentshaveplottedalltheirlifeonthinground.Inmyfamily,myfather,mymotherandI,that’sall.NowI’mingradethree,athirdyearstudentinJiaxingUniversity.SinceIhavemadealotoffriends,Ifindlifeinthisuniversitybothhappyandrewarding.Ilivehappilyhere.Ilikeclimbingmountains.Ilikesinging,listeningclassicalmusic.Ilikeessay,alsonovel,butmyfavoriteisessay.Unfortunately,althoughIhavereadsomuch,mywritingisstillnotverygood.IhopethatIcanbeanusefulpersonforoursociety.Butatthemoment,myknowledgeisstillnotrichenough.Inordertorealizemyobjectivesinlife,Iwillstudyhardandgainmoreandmoreskillsandknowledge,suchasspeakingEnglishandusingcomputer.IfIhaveenoughmoneyaftergraduationfromschool,Iwillstudydriving.Itisgoodtohaveagoodjobwhensomeonecandriveacarorabus.Unit1(P.4)1BasedonReadingMaterial,putthefollowingintoChinese.lifeexpectancy：耐用期限，平均寿命poverty-stricken：贫穷的，贫困的，贫乏的smog-ladenair：烟雾弥漫的天空，烟雾缭绕的空气，阴霾天气globalconditions：全球状况havesandhave-nots：富人和穷人underprivileged：社会地位低下的，相对贫困的，生活水平低下的，弱势的savanna：热带大草原，稀树草原predator：食肉动物，捕食者environmentaldisruptions：环境破坏，环境失调2PutthefollowingintoEnglish.农药—pesticide/agriculturalchemicals(including:pesticide,germicide,herbicide)化肥—chemicalfertilizer有机废物—organicwastes微生物—microorganism/microbe衰减—attenuation阻滞的—retardant/blocking稀释—dilution添加剂—additive合成塑料—syntheticplastic再生—regenerationUnit3(P.19)1PutthefollowingintoChinese.(1)Rawmaterialsthatlosetheirusefulnessbecausetheysitontheshelftoolongbecomewaste.原材料放置过久会失去它们本身性能而变成废弃物。(2)Poorcleaningofpartsorinadequatedragouttimewillreducetheusefulnessoftheprocesschemicals,increasethecostofwastedisposal,andthecostofchemicalreplacement.不良的零件清洗或者不充分的接触时间将减少工艺过程中化学品的有用性，增加处理废弃物的费用以及替换化学药品的费用。(3)Lockheedsuccessfullyswitchedfromanalkalinecyanidecadmiumbathtoanacidicnoncyanidecadmiumbath.洛克希德（公司）成功地将碱性氰化镉溶液槽改变为酸性不含氰化镉的溶液槽。(4)Donottrytoreinventthewheel.Developnetworkingpartnerstoshareideas.不要进行重复研究。发展网络伙伴以分享思想。3PutthefollowingintoChinese.Wastereduction/waste/minimization:减少废物/废弃物/最小化In-process:工程内，进程内Housekeeping:维持管理Equipmentmodificationlandfills:设备改造，填埋Biodegradablesolvents:可生物降解溶剂Volatilechemicals:挥发性化学品Managementcommitment:管理层的承诺Unit5(P.34)1PutthefollowingwordsorphraseintoChinese.primarypollutant一次大气污染物secondarypollutant二次大气污染物airstagnation空气流动停滞，大气停滞nitrousoxide一氧化二氮(N2O)nitricoxide一氧化氮(NO)nitrogendioxide二氧化氮(NO2)soot煤烟dust灰尘smog烟雾ozone臭氧herbicide除草剂pesticide杀虫剂/农药2PutthefollowingintoEnglish.正常浓度normalconcentration严重污染的seriouspolluted/heavilypolluted决定因素determiningfactor光化学氧化物photochemicaloxidant液体微滴liquiddroplet放射性物质radioactivesubstance不完全氧化incompleteoxidization/incompletecombustion含硫的sulfur-containing风化winderosion/weathering汽车尾气automobileexhaustUnit6(P.40)1PutthefollowingintoChinese(1)ThemostseveresequenceofCO2inducedglobalwarningwouldbemeltingofthepolarice-capsandthesubsequentriseofoceanlevelsandinundationofcoastalplains.由CO2所引起的全球变暖的最严重后果是极地冰帽的熔化，以及随之而来的海平面上升所引发的沿海平原的洪水。(2)AlthoughglobalwarmingfromthealreadyelevatedlevelsofatmosphericCO2hasbeenpredictedbymostclimaticmodels,suchawarminghasnotbeenempiricallyobserved.虽然大多数气候模型已经预测大气中CO2浓度的增加将引起全球变暖，但对于这样的气候变暖还没有实证观察过。(3)Althoughtheyindicatetrendsinaveragesurfacetemperaturesandclimate,theyunfortunatelycoincidewithincreasedindustrializationandpollution.尽管这些资料表明了平均地面温度和气候的趋势，但不幸的是，恰恰遇上了这段时期内日益增强的工业化和污染。2PutthefollowingintoEnglish.温室效应effectofgreenhouse由二氧化碳引起的causedbyCO2世界碳预算worldcarbonbudget天气的自然波动naturalfluctuationsinclimate全球变暖globalwarming厌氧的anaerobic甲烷methane臭氧层ozonosphere气候模型climaticmodels腐烂decayUnit7(P.47)3PutthefollowingintoEnglish.出口outlet多管高效旋风分离器multitubehigh-efficiencycyclone合成纤维syntheticfabric捕集效率collectionefficiency机械洗涤mechanicalscrubbing压力降pressuredrop焚化炉incinerator气体离子gasion捕集板collectionsurface碳黑carbonblackUnit8(P.52)1PutthefollowingintoEnglish.尾气off-gas可应用性applicability工业规模full-scale土壤床soilbed生物过滤器biofilter固定资本fixedcapital易生物降解的easilybiodegraded2PutthefollowingintoChinese.VOC挥发性有机化合物APC大气污染控制Regulatoryprogram调整项目Financialsupport财政支持Operatingcost操作成本Biodegradationcapacity生物降解能力Environmentalmedia环境介质Biological生物学的Technologies技术、工艺Inorganicairpollutants无机大气污染物Unit10(P.66)1PutthefollowingintoChinese.treatmentfacilities处理设备percapitaperday每人每天municipality市政当局,自治市populationequivalent人口当量basementflooding地下室浸水runoff排水domesticsewage生活污水typeofterrain地形种类Unit11(P.73)1AccordingtoReadingMaterial,putthefollowingintoChinese.unpalatable味道差的volatilechemicals挥发性的化学药品scaleinhotpipes热水管积垢harborpathogens窝藏病原体precipitate使沉淀turbid混浊的intermittentsources间歇的污染源fixtures固定设备2Accordingt