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ToLordChesterfield致切斯特菲尔德伯爵书BySamuelJohnson[英]约翰逊February7,1755.1755年2月7日MyLord,尊敬的阁下:Ihavebeenlatelyinformed,bytheproprietoroftheWorld,thattwopapers,inwhichmyDictionaryisrecommendedtothepublic,werewrittenbyyourLordship.Tobesodistinguished,isanhonour,which,beingverylittleaccustomedtofavoursfromthegreat,Iknownotwellhowtoreceive,orinwhattermstoacknowledge.日前蒙《世界》杂志业主相告,两篇向公众推荐我所编纂的词典的文章是出自阁下之手。受此推崇,甚感荣幸;我素来不太习惯贵人之惠,故不知如何承接阁下之恩,不知以何言辞向阁下致谢。When,uponsomeslightencouragement,IfirstvisitedyourLordship,Iwasoverpowered,liketherestofmankind,bytheenchantmentofyouraddress;andcouldnotforbeartowishthatImightboastmyselfLevainqueurdu当初,受他人所励,我初次拜访阁下,如芸芸众人所感,为阁下言辞之魅力所折服;不禁自诩为“世界征服者的征服者,虽亲眼目睹世人为得见阁下尊容而相争,我也期望能得阁下之关切;不料拜谒之际,并为得到丝毫鼓vainqueurdelaterre;—thatImightobtainthatregardforwhichIsawtheworldcontending;butIfoundmyattendancesolittleencouraged,thatneitherpridenormodestywouldsuffermetocontinueitWhenIhadonceaddressedyourLordshipinpublic,Ihadexhaustedalltheartofpleasingwhicharetiredanduncourtlyscholarcanprocess.IhaddoneallthatIcould;andnomaniswellpleasedtohavehisallneglected,beiteversolittle.励,自惭自尊之感顿生,断无胆气再睹阁下之容。Sevenyears,myLord,havenowpast,sinceIwaitedinyouroutwardrooms,orwasrepulsedfromyourdoor;duringwhichtimeIhavebeenpushingonmyworkthroughdifficulties,ofwhichitisuselesstocomplain,andhavebroughtit,atlast,tothevergeof尊敬的阁下,自当日候于府上外室,被拒于阁下门前而不得入,七年已逝。在此期间,我为事业颠沛潦倒,艰难竭蹶,困苦之时仍无牢骚满腹,终拨云见日,呕心之作得以出版。然于困顿始终,未得丝毫援手,未闻半句鼓励之词,未见半丝赞赏之笑。受此对publication,withoutoneactofassistance,onewordofencouragement,oronesmileoffavour.SuchtreatmentIdidnotexpect,forIneverhadaPatronbefore.待,我始料未及;追溯缘由,即先前不得赞助之故。TheshepherdinVirgilgrewatlastacquaintedwithunconcernonamanstruggleforlifeinthewater,andwhenhehasreachedground,encumbershimwithhelp?Thenoticewhichyouhavebeenpleasedtotakeofmylabours,haditbeenearly,hadbeenkind;butithasdelayedtillIamindifferent,andcannotenjoyit;tillIamsolitary,andcannotimpartit;tillIamknown,anddonotwantit.Ihopeitisnoverycynicalasperitynottoconfessobligationswherenobenefithasbeenreceived,ortobeunwillingthatthepublicshouldconsiderme维吉尔笔下,牧羊人终与爱神相识,才知昔日所钟不过是荒野草莽。若一人对有人落水袖手旁观,落水之人上岸时才施以援手,如此之人可谓恩人?阁下当下施恩关注我的辛劳之作,倘若早能如此,岂非成人之美?阁下此番美意,为时已晚,我无心于此,也无福消受;我已孑然一身,无人分享;如今业已成名,无须劳烦阁下关怀。未曾承恩于阁下,自当无须感怀于心。蒙上帝庇佑,我独立完成心血之作,自不愿公众为“赞助人”颂德邀功,愿心之所想,不担刻薄无义之名。asowingthattoaPatron,whichProvidence(4)hasenabledmetodoformyself.Havingcarriedonmyworkthusfarwithsolittleobligationtoanyfavoureroflearning,IshallnotbedisappointedthoughIshouldconcludeit;iflessbepossible,withless;forIhavebeenlongwakenedfromthatdreamofhope,inwhichIonceboastedmyselfwithsomuchexultation,未受学术博者之恩,我亦得此成就。著作即将完工,我自不会因未受恩典而沮丧半分;承恩越少,心越平;如今,我已然从希望之幻梦中清醒过来,在那梦中,我曾洋洋自得,自诩为您—MyLord,尊敬的阁下YourLordship’smosthumble,您最谦卑Mostobedientservant,最顺从的仆人Sam.Johnson苏缪尔·约翰逊[注释]1.Theworld:apopularperiodical(1753-1756)inLondoneditedbyEduardMoore.Chesterfieldwasamongthecontributors.2.myDictionary:TheDictionaryoftheEnglishlanguage(1755),editedbySamuelJohnsonhimself.3.LeVainqueurduVainqueurdeLaTerre:French,meaningtheconqueroroftheworld'sconqueror.4.Providence:God.【翻译提示】萨缪尔•约翰逊先生的《致切斯特菲尔德伯爵书》是一封很有分量的文人书信。在西方有庇护制度的传统下,一个没有得到任何庇护的文人在极为艰苦的条件下,通过自己的独立奋斗而获得了巨大的成功。这时,他写信回复一位有地位的人对他本没有任何赞助的“回报”,语言文字间所流露的复杂的感情和傲岸的文人气节,真可谓表现得淋漓尽致。翻译要注意三点:一是其中的拉丁文,可以翻译,也可以保留,须在注释中加以说明;二是书信体特有的礼貌语言和语气,与当下文人复杂的感觉和感情相互促进,形成一种微妙而极富个性的风格,要注意传达;三是在译入语言的使用上,注意融合古汉语的有力词句和现代汉语的时代精神。当然,古今甚至中西之间的关系,也可以有自己的尺度和把握。用纯粹的文言来翻译也是可以的,或者用文雅的当代语体,也无不妥。
本文标题:致切斯特菲尔德伯爵书-译文
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