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1Pronunciation英语不同于汉语,它是拼音文字,读音和拼写之间有直接的联系。因此,掌握英语语音基本知识是学好英语的基础。在本套教材七年级上、下册以及八年级上册中,我们结合每个单元的内容,设计了“音素学习——由字母与字母组合到读音——由读音到拼写”这三轮拼读规则训练,帮助同学们掌握单词的拼读规则。另外,我们还设计了一些最基本的朗读技巧训练,帮助同学们打好语音基础。Ⅰ.字母发音Aa/e/Bb/bi:/Cc/si:/Dd/di:/Ee/i:/Ff/e/GG/di:/Hh/et/Ii/a/Jj/de/Kk/ke/Ll/eǀ/Mm/em/Nn/en/Oo//Pp/pi:/Qq/kj:/Rr/ɑ:(r)/Ss/es/Tt/ti:/Uu/j:/Vv/i:/Ww/dbǀj:/Xx/eks/Yy/wa/Zz/zed/,/zi:/2Ⅱ.英语语音音素英语共有44个音素,其中元音20个,辅音24个,另外还有四个辅音连缀(/ts/,/dz/,/tr/,/dr/)。英语辅音和元音的作用相当于汉语中的声母和韵母。记录英语音素的符号叫作音标,音标放在两条斜线(//)内,以免和字母混淆。1.元音/i:////e//æ//ə//ɜ://ɑ://ʌ//ɔ://ɒ//://ʊ////a//I//ə//a////eə//ə/2.辅音清音/p//t//k//f//θ//s//ʃ//tʃ//h/浊音/b//d//g//v//ð//z//ʒ//dʒ//r//m//n//ŋ//ǀ//w//j/Ⅲ.英语字母在单词中的读音1.元音字母与元音字母组合在重读音节中读音a/e/gamelatenameplanesalesametaketableDavid/æ/batbagblackdadfatmathmapthankhappyjacket/ɒ/or/ɑ:/watchwhatwant/ɑ:/or/æ/(在f,s,th等前)afterasklastclassbasketballfatheral/ɔ:/allballcallsmalltalkwalk3ay/eɪ/dayMayplaysayar/ɑ:(r)/artcarcardpartyMarchstare/i:/hemeshewethese/e/bedegghelptengetdeskletnextselltwelveea/i:/eatpleasespeakeasyteacher/e/headbreadbreakfasthealthysweateree/i:/beefgreenmeetneedseefreethreeweekfifteener/ɜ:(r)/herherstermear/ə(r)/or/ɪr/dearnearhearcleari/a/likeniceninepricetimewhitetidy//bigquiltthingthinktripwithmiddleir/ɜ:(r)/firstgirlshirtskirtthirdbirthdaythirtyo/əʊ/nogosooldthoseclothesphonephotosofa/ɒ/or/ɑ:/,/ɔ:/boxclockdoglonglostsockdollarmodal/ʌ/(在m,n,th,v前)comelovemonthsonbrothermotherMondayoo/ʊ/bookgoodlookfoot/:/coolfoodroomschooltooor/ɔ:(r)/shortsportmorning4ou/aʊ/foundsoundabouttrousersow/aʊ/brownhownowoy//boytoyu/j:/musicexcusestudentTuesdayusefulcomputer//butcupfunlunchmuchmustnumbersubjectuncle/:/blueJunerulerur/ɜ:(r)/turnburgerpurpleThursday2.元音字母和元音字母组合在非重读音节中的读音a/ə/(/ə(r)/)aboutChinasaladsofabananavegetablee/ihelloscienceAprilo/orcarrotsecondfavoritetomatocolordoctorar/erdollarbrotherdinnerundernumberu/urAugustdifficultSaturdaye/ɪ/eraserelevenrelaxingiEnglisheveningmorningmusic2.辅音字母和辅音字母组合的读音b/b/batballBobc/k/callcanmusic/s/citypencilpricech/tʃ/chairteacherMarchck/k/blackchickenJackdr/dr/drawdrumchildren5d/d/daddatereadf/f/fatherfunafterg/g/getgobig/dʒ/orangegeographyvegetableh/h/headhappyheavyj/dʒ/Julyjacketsubjectk/k/keybookweekl/ǀ/looklikeJulym/m/mapmathgamen/n/nameneedninep/p/penpartycupr/r/redricebreads/s/somesistersock/z/hisalwaysyourst/t/tapetablesetv/v/veryvegetablehavew/w/weekwellwatchx/ks/sixexcitingexcuse/gz/examexampley/j/yesyouryellowz/z/zerozoosizeds/dz/bedscardssoundskn/n/knowknifeng/ŋ/longEnglishmorningnk/ŋk/thinkthankFrankph/f/phonephotogeographyqu/kw/quiltqueenquestionsh/ʃ/sheshoefinishtch/tʃ/watchmatchcatchth/θ/thankthingmath/ð/thatthisbrothertr/tr/triptrousersstrawberryts/ts/batshatshabitswh/w/whatwhitewhen/h/whowhosewholewr/r/writerwrongwriteⅣ.英音和美音的读音简要对比6情况英音美音1.英式英语中字母r有的发音,有的不发音;美式英语中无论在何种情况下字母r都发音。sport/spɔ:t/star/stɑ:(r)/first/fɜ:st/sport/spɔ:rt/star/stɑ:r/first/fɜ:rst/2.英式英语中元音字母a读非卷舌音/ɑ:/,美式英语中元音字母a读/æ/,但有的词例外,例如:father,calm。ask/ɑ:sk/after/ɑ:ftə(r)/father/fɑ:ðə(r)/calm/kɑ:m/ask/æsk/after/æftə(r)/father/fɑ:ðə(r)/calm/kɑ:m/3.英式英语中长短音比较明确,而美式英语中基本上不分长短音,短元音可以读成长元音,例如:1)在英式英语中许多单词读作/ɒ/的,在美式英语中读作/ɑ:/;2)在英式英语中许多单词读作/ɒ/的,在美式英语中读作/ɑ:/或/ɔ:/。box/bɒks/sock/sɒk/long/ǀɒŋ/want/wɒnt/box/bɑ:ks/sock/sɑ:k/long/ǀɔ:ŋ/want/wɑ:nt/;/wɔ:nt/Ⅴ.朗读基本知识1.单词重音(WordStress)英语单词有单音节词、双音节词和多音节词之分。含有一个响亮音素的声音片断叫作一个音节。英语里的元音都是响亮的音素。由一个音7节构成的词叫作单音节词,例如:hi,mom,dad,first,meet等等。由两个或两个以上音节构成的词叫作双音节词或多音节词。对于双音节词或多音节词,有的音节须读得重些,叫作重读音节;有的音节要读得轻些,叫作非重读音节。重读音节用重音符号“′”标出。双音节词的重读一般落在第一个音节上,例如:jacket/′dʒækt/,question/′kwestʃən/,sweater/′swetə/少数双音节词的重读在第二个音节上,例如:excuse/ɪk′skj:z/,July/dʒ′a/,about/ə′baʊt/三音节词的重读一般也在第一个音节上,例如:favorite/′fevərt/,vegetable/′vedʒtəb/,interesting/′ntrəstŋ/少数三音节词的重音在第二个音节上,例如:computer/kəm′pj:tə(r)/,tomato/tə′mɑ:təʊ/,December/d′sembə(r)/有的双音节词和多音节词有两个重音,一个是主重音,一个是次重音,次重音用“、”表示,标在次重音的左下方。例如:thirteen/θɜ:(r)′ti:n/fifteen/f′ti:n/,afternoon/ɑ:ftə′n:n/(/æftər′n:n/)2.连读(Liaison)在朗读中,意义上有联系的词前一个单词末尾的辅音和后一个单词词前的元音有时可连起来读。连读现象是在语言交际中,特别是随着语速的加快而自然产生的,可用符号“︵”表示。常见的连读情况有:1)辅音+元音8前一个词的词尾是辅音,后一个词以元音开头,这时两个词可以连读,例如:It’sagoodidea.Comeon,Jack!Isitonthedesk?Lookatit.Letmegetit.Canyouplaygameswithus?2)r/re+元音前一个词的词尾是r或re,后一个词的词首是元音,这时两个词可以连读,中间增加一个/r/音。例如:Asktheteacherforit.Ineedapairofsportsshoesforschool.Ⅵ.分单元语音练习StarterUnit1Goodmorning!Listenandread./e//æ//i://e/DalemaphepensamethanktheseyesGraceblackeveningspellStarterUnit2What’sthisinEnglish?Listenandread./a////əʊ//ɒ/or/ɑ:/,/ɔ:/hiisnodogfinethisOKnotwhitequiltthoseorangePronunciation9StarterUnit3Whatcolorisit?Listenandread.ʌ/usebluecupexcuserulerbuscomputerJunemustUnit1Myname’sGina.1.Listenandread./i://ɪ//e//æ//ɜ:(r)//ə(r)/shesixeggblackherrulerwehisspelljacketfirstnumbereveningmiddlesevenAlicegirlcolor2.Listenandread.1)A:What’syourname?B:Myname’sJenny.2)A:What’syourtelephonenumber?B:It’s555-8903.3)He’sAlan.She’sLinda.I’mBob.Unit2Thisismysister.1.Listenandread./://ʊ//ɔ:(r)//ɒ/or/ɑ://ɑ:(r)//ʌ/toogoodfournotartsonschoollookshortBobcardmotherrulerbooksportclockpartynumber102.Listenandread.1)Thisismymother.Mom,thisisJohn.
本文标题:英语教材7年级上新教材语法
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