词缀法上课版.

word-formation构词法derivation词缀法derivation词缀法•词缀affix•词根/词干root/stem•前缀prefix/后缀suffix•后缀决定词性•前缀决定词义•动词后缀•-ize,ise,yze表示“做成，变成，……化”•modernize,mechanize,democratize,organize•-en,表示“使成为，引起，使有”•quicken,weaken,soften,harden•-fy,表示“使……化,使成”•beautify,purify,intensify,signify,simplify•-ish,表示“使，令”•finish,abolish,diminish,establish•-ate/ite,表示“成为……，处理，作用”•separate,operate,indicate,ignite,unite名词后缀•-s/es表名词复数•bays,zoos,watches,boxes,potatoes•-ing动词的动名词•fishing,washing,shopping•-ness,表示性质，状态，程度•goodness,kindness,tiredness,friendliness名词后缀•-y加在形容词或以r结尾的单词后,“人或小东西”常带有戏谑性和爱称•fatty,doggy•-ty,-ity,表示“性质，状态，程度”•purity,reality,ability,calamity,beauty•-ivity，由-ive+ity组成，“有…能力或特•productivity,resistivity•-bility,表示动作，性质，状态•possibility,flexibility,feasibility,名词后缀•-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition,表示“行为的过程，结果，状况”•action,solution,destruction,expression,correction,conclusion,competition•-ure/sure/ture/iture/ature,表示“行为，结果”•pressure,procedure(手续),exposure,composure,signature•-ment,表示“行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果”•treatment,movement,judgment,punishment,argument•-age,数量；动作；身份；地方；费用•passage,postage•-al•arrival,refusal,proposal•名词后缀•表人或物•-or/er/ess/crat/ian/ist/ive:•worker,debtor,actress,democrat,physician,realist,detective•-ate/ite“人或地位”•graduate,delegate,candidate,elite,favorite,socialite•-ant/ent“人或药剂”•observant,president•-•-dom,表示等级，领域，状态•freedom,kingdom,wisdom•-hood,表示“资格，身份,年纪，状态”•childhood,manhood,falsehood•-ship,表示“情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业”•hardship,membership,friendship•-mony“结果，情况，状态”•ceremony,名词后缀•-grapy,表示“……学，写法”•biography,geography,calligraphy,•-ic,ics,表示“……学……法”•logic,mechanics,electronics,linguistics•-ology,表示“……学……论”•biology,zoology,technology(工艺学)•-nomy,表示……学……术•astronomy,economy,名词后缀•形容词后缀•带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义•-y加在名词后变成形容词•windy,sleepy,homey•-er/est•faster,slower,bigger,fattest,•-ist•realist,socialist,capitalist•-ic(注意logic)–ic名词•logic,electronic,linguistic•名词-al•natural,national,cultural,formal,financial•-cal•physical,psychological形容词后缀•带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义•名词-ish,“像…一样，有点…”，•foolish,bookish,selfish•(注意accomplish,vanish)-ish动词•-like,“像…一样”•manlike,childlike•名词-ly,•manly,fatherly,scholarly,motherly,weekly•-some,“充满…的，具有…倾向的”•troublesome,handsome•-most,“最…的”•foremost,topmost,innermost以ion/tion/sion,y/ty/ity/bility,ture/sure/ure,ance/ence,ancy/ency,s/es,ing,age,ment,ness,ship,hood等结尾的大都是名词；以ize/ise/yze,fy,en,ate/ite,ish等结尾的大都是动词；以er/est,ing/ed,ent/ant,ful/less,able/ible,ary/ory/ery,ate/ite,ic,al,cal,ous,ive等结尾的是大都是形容词；以ly,er/est,wise,wards等结尾的大都是副词。后缀suffix前缀prefix•前缀决定词义antiwara反战的（anti+war战争）antipathyn反感（anti+pathy感情）antithesisn对立；反论（anti+thesis论文；观点）antibodyn抗体（anti+body身体）•ab-，abs-加在词根前，表示“相反，变坏，离去”等•abnormala反常的（ab+normal正常的）abusevt滥用（ab+use用→用坏→滥用）absenta缺席的（ab+sent出现→没有出现→缺席的）•be-•①构成动词，表示“使…成为”•believt掩盖（be+lie说慌）bequeathvt遗留给，传下（be+queath要求→要求给某人→遗留给）bewarevi注意（be+ware注意）befriendvt友好对待（be+friend朋友）befooln欺骗（be+fool笨蛋→使人成笨蛋→欺骗别人）befallvt/vi降临；发生（be+fall掉下→掉下来→发生）belittlevt小看(be+little小→小看人)bewildervt使…迷惑（be+wilder迷惑）•bi-表示“两个，两”•biweeklyn双周刊（bi+week星期+ly→两星期）bilinguala双语种的（bi+lingu语言+al→双语的）biannuala一年两次的（bi+ann[年]+ual→一年两次的）•co-表示共同，通常放在元音词根前•cooperationn合作(co+operation操作→共同操作→合作)coexistvi共存(co+exist存在)coherevi附着；粘着(co+here粘→粘在一起)coincidevi一致，符合，巧合(co+in进+cide掉下→共同掉进来→巧合)coordinatevt协调：a同等的(co+ordin顺序+ate→顺序一样→同等的引申为平等；协调)•de-•表示去掉，变坏，离开，变慢，向下等•destructionn破坏（de+struct结构；建造+ion→弄坏结构→破坏）desaltvt除去盐分（de+salt盐→去掉盐分）deforestvt砍伐森林（de+forest森林→去掉森林）devaluevt降低价值（de+value价值→去掉价值）depressvt压制，压抑（de+press压→向下压→压制）••dis-•表示不，消失掉•disliken/vi不喜欢（dis+like喜爱→不喜爱）disordern/vt无秩序（dis+order顺序→没有顺序）dishonesta不诚实的（dis+honest诚实的）disappearvi消失（dis+appear出现→不出现→消失）discouragevt使失去勇气（dis+courage勇气）dispelvt驱除，消除（dis+pel推→推开→驱除）discovervt发现（dis+cover盖→把盖揭开→发现）dismayvtn沮丧（dis+may能够→不能做事→沮丧）•ex-•①表示“出，出去”•excludevt排外（ex+clude关闭→关出去→排外）expelvt赶出，逐出（ex+pel推→推出去→逐出）exposevt暴露（ex+pose放→放出去→暴露）extractvt抽出，拔出（ex+tract拉→拉出→拔出）excisevt切除(ex+cise切→切出→切除)exceedvt/vi超过，超出（ex+ceed走→走出→超出）exhalevt/vi呼气（ex+hale气→出气→呼气）•②表示前面的，前任的•ex-wifen前妻（ex前+wife妻子）ex-presidentn前任总统（ex前+president总统）•extra-表示以外的，超过的•extracurriculuma课外的(extra+curriculum课程表)extraordinarya格外的（extra+ordinary变通的→超出普通）侈的）extroverta性格外向的（extra+vert转→[性格]向外转→外向）extrapolatevt推断（extra+polate放→放到[事实]外→推断）•fore-表示前面，预先•forebodevt预兆；凶兆（fore+bode兆头→预兆）forefathern前人，祖先（fore+father父亲；祖先）forearmn前臂（fore+arm胳膊）forecastnvt预料（fore+cast扔→预先扔下→预料）foreshadowvt预示，暗示（fore+shadow影子→影子预先来）•hyper-表示“超过，太多”•hyperactivea活动过度的（hyper+active活动的）hypersensitivea过敏的（hyper+sensitive敏感的）hypercriticala吹毛求疵的（hyper+critical批评的）hypertensionn过度紧张；高血压（hyper+tension紧张）•il-，ir-•放在同辅音词根前表示“不，无”•illegala非法的（il+legal合法的）illogicala不合逻辑的（il+logical逻辑的）irregulara不规则的（ir+regular规则的）irrationala不合理的（ir+rational合理的）irrelativea无关的（ir+relative相关的）irrefutablea无可反驳的（ir+refutable可反驳的）irresistiblea不可抗拒的（ir+resistible可抗拒的）•im-，in-•表示“不，无，非”•impossiblea不可能的（im+possible可能的）immorala不道德的（im+moral道德的）impolitea无礼的（im+polite礼貌的）incapablea无能力的（in+capable有能力的）inhumana不人道的（in+human人道的）indifferenta冷漠的（in+different不同的→同与不同的“事不关已”→冷漠的）•inter-表示“在…之间，相互”•internationala国际的（inter+national国家的）i