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1聚焦科技说明类阅读理解【试题特点】阅读理解题主要考查考生对书面语篇的整体领悟能力和接受及处理具体信息的能力。试题的取材,密切联系当前我国和世界经济、科技等方面的变化,有关数据的来源真实可信。因此科普知识类文章是每年的必考题。分析历年的科普类文章我们不难发现以下特点:1.科技词汇多,句子结构复杂,长难句多,语法分析较困难。2.文章理论性强,逻辑严谨。2.文章内容注重科技领域的新发现,较为抽象复杂,且涉及一定的专业术语,理解有一定的难度。3.命题方面注意对具体细节的准确理解和以之为依据的推理判断。4.文章中词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明,不带感情色彩,具有单一性和准确性的特点。这类文章通常不会出现文学英语中采用的排比、比喻、夸张等修辞手法,一词多义的现象也不多见。5.常使用被动语态,尤其是一些惯用被动句式。【应试策略】首先,由于阅读科普文章中的专业词汇及理解文章中所涉及到的科普知识是考生最感到头痛的事情,所以平时我们要注意拓宽科普背景知识,了解最新的科技动态,丰富自己的科技词汇,以便更好地理解所读的内容。每年高考阅读理解题中都出现了大量反映现代生活和科技知识的专业词汇,如果我们能对这些事物多一份关注,在做阅读理解题时就会多一份自信。因此,我们应多关注现实生活,拓宽视野,留意和积累一些现实词汇,从报纸、杂志、电视、广告、因特网中获得一些生活的智慧。如:GMfood(转基因食品),AIDS(艾滋病),DNA(遗传基因),clone(克隆),gene(基因),bio-technology(生物技术),newenergy(新能源)等。以2011年为例,各地高考卷中的科普类文章分别涉及到的话题如下:湖北卷智能手机支付产业山东卷人脑和电脑信息研究的最新突破及将会对残疾人带来的益处广东卷可持续性发展(sustainabledevelopment)的可能性和必要性江苏卷如何在深海中建立风力涡轮发电,切中了当下最受关注的话题——新能源和可持续安徽卷描述了windmills(风车)的起源及各阶段的用途陕西卷GMfood(转基因食品)江西卷spaceexploration(太空探索)上海卷archeology(考古学)湖南卷对动物DNA的研究其次,要熟悉科普类文章的结构特点。科普类文章一般由标题(Headline),导语(Introduction),背景(Background),主体(Mainbody)和结尾(End)五部分构成。但涉及到具体的文章,不一定每篇文章都面面俱到。标题是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括,但根据历年的高考情况来看,这类阅读理解材料一般不给标题,而要同学们选择标题。因此抓住这类文章的导语就显得尤为重要,导语一般位于整篇文章的首段,是选择标题或确定文章的中心的核心所在。如:Sincethe1970s,scientistshavebeensearchingforwaystolinkthebrainwithcomputers.Brain-computerinterface(BCI)technologycouldhelppeoplewithdisabilitiessendcommandsto2machines.(2011高考山东卷)(C)75.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Switzerland,theBCIResearchCenterB.NewFindingsAboutHowtheHumanBrainWorksC.BCICouldMeanMoreFreedomfortheDisabledD.RoboticVehiclesCouldHelptoCureBrainInjuriesArecentstudyofancientandmodernelephantshascomeupwiththeunexpectedconclusionthattheAfricanelephantisdividedintotwodistinct(不同的)species.(2011高考湖南卷)(C)70.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Naturalist’sBeliefaboutElephants.B.AmazingExperimentaboutElephantsC.AnUnexpectedFindingaboutElephantsD.ALongscientificDebateaboutElephants背景交待一个事实的起因。主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述,这一部分命题往往最多,因此,阅读时,同学们要把这部分作为重点。结尾往往也是中心思想的概括,并与导语相呼应,命题者常在此要设计一道推理判断题。在进行推理判断时,同学们一定要以阅读材料所提供的科学事实为依据,同时所得出的结论还应符合基本的科普常识。Themajorchallengeofthiscenturyistofindwaystomeettheneedsofgrowingpopulationwithinthelimitsifthissingleplanet.Thatisnosmalltask,butitoffersabundantnewchancesforsustainableproductindustries.(2011高考广东卷)(A)44.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthatbusinesseshavemanychancesto______.A.developsustainableproductsB.explorenewnaturalresourcesC.makefulluseofnaturalresourcesD.dealwiththemajorchallengeHywindisatestrun,butthebenefitsforperfectingfloatingwind-farmtechnologycouldbeextremelylarge.Outatsea,thewindisoftenstrongerandsteadierthanclosetoshore,whereallexistingoffshorewindmillsareplanted.Deep-seafarmsareinvisiblefromland,whichhelpsovercomethewindmill-as-eyesoreobjection.Ifthetechnologycatcheson,itwillopenupvastareasoftheplanet’ssurfacetooneofthebestlow-carbonpowersourcesavailable.(2011高考江苏卷)(D)65.Wideapplicationsofdeepwaterwindpowertechnologycan____________.A.solvethetechnicalproblemsofdeepwaterwindmillsB.makefinancialprofitsbyproducingmoreturbinesC.settletheargumentsaboutenvironmentalproblemsD.explorelow-carbonpowerresourcesavailableatsea3科技说明类阅读理解3篇难度:★★★★☆词数:453建议阅读时间:8分钟FormulaThreeGoesGreenResearchersinBritainaredrivingtheenvironmentalmovementtoawholenewlevel.AteamfromtheUniversityofWarwickhasbuiltwhatitcallstheworld'sfirstcompletelyenvironmentallyfriendlyFormulaThreeracingcar.Thecarismademainlyofsustainableandrenewablematerials,likeplantsandvegetables.Thestructurearoundthecarismadefromnaturalplantfibersandpotatoes.Thesteeringwheelismadefromrootvegetableslikecarrots.Theengineusesbiofuelmadefromvegetableoilandwastechocolate.Thenewracecarisextremelyfast.Thecarhasatopspeedof215kilometersanhour.Anditcangofromzeroto95kilometersanhourinjusttwoandonehalfseconds.TheracecarmeetsalloftheFormulaThreeracingrequirementsexceptforitsbiodiesel(生质柴油)engine.ThecarresultedfromtheeffortsoftheUniversityofWarwick'sManufacturingGroupandtheWarwickInnovativeManufacturingResearchCenter.Theydevelopedthecarbecauseofcriticismoftheracingindustry.Automobileracingisoneofthemostwidelywatchedsportsintheworld.Butitalsoisconsideredoneoftheleastfriendlytotheenvironment.Racecarsburnalotoffuel,andcreatealotofairpollution.Inrecentyears,theracingindustryhastakenstepstoprotecttheenvironment.Moreracingcompaniesarenowproducingcarsthatuselessenergy.Thesecarsproducelesspollutionthanvehiclesthatdependontraditionalfuels,likegasoline.Lastyear,twoAmericangovernmentagenciesandaninternationalorganizationannouncedanumberofpoliciesforenvironmentally-friendlyracing.TheyareknownastheGreenRacingProtocols.ThetwoagenciesaretheUnitedStatesDepartmentofEnergyandtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.TheorganizationSAEInternationalrepresentsengineersandtechnicalexpertsinthetransportationindustry.OfficialsfromtheAmericanLeMansSeriesalsowereinvolvedintheeffort.TheAmericanLeMansSeriesbecamethefirstracingeventtousetheprotocolsinitsGreenChallengecompetition.TheracewasheldinOctoberoflastyear.Lastmonth,theWorldFirstFormulaThreeracingcarwassettoruninitsfirstcompetitiveraceattheFormulaThree
本文标题:聚焦科技说明类阅读理解
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