英语专业八级考试_-_英语语言学.

语言学知识点201238.InEnglishifawordbeginswitha[l]ora[r],thenthenextsoundmustbeavowel.Thisisa(n)A.assimilationrule.B.sequentialrule.C.deletionrule.D.grammarrule.39.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofclipping?A.APEC.B.Motel.C.Xerox.D.Disco.40.ThetypeoflanguagewhichisselectedasappropriatetoaparticulartypeofsituationiscalledA.register.B.dialect.C.slang.D.variety.201138._______isdefinedasthestudyoftherelationshipbetweenlanguageandmind.A.SemanticsB.PragmaticsC.CognitivelinguisticsD.Sociolinguistics参考答案：C39.AvowelisdifferentfromaconsonantinEnglishbecauseof________.A.absenceofobstructionB.presenceofobstructionC.mannerofarticulationD.placeofarticulation参考答案：A40.Thedefinitiontheactofusingorpromotingtheuseofseverallanguages,eitherbyanindividualspeakerorbyacommunityofspeakersrefersto_________.A.PidginB.CreoleC.MultilingualismD.Bilingualism2010________referstothelearninganddevelopmentofalanguage.A.LanguageacquisitionB.LanguagecomprehensionC.LanguageproductionD.Languageinstruction39.Theword“Motel”comesfrom“motor+hotel”.Thisisanexampleof________inmorphology.A.backformationB.conversionC.blendingD.acronym40.Languageisttoolofcommunication.Thesymbol“HighwayClosed”onahighwayservesA.anexpressivefunction.B.aninformativefunction.C.aperformativefunction.D.apersuasivefunction.200938.ThestudyofthementalprocessesoflanguagecomprehensionandproductionisA.corpuslinguistics.B.sociolinguistics.C.theoreticallinguistics.D.psycholinguistics.39.AspeciallanguagevarietythatmixeslanguagesandisusedbyspeakersofdifferentlanguagesforpurposesoftradingiscalledA.dialect.B.idiolect.C.pidgin.D.register.40.Whenaspeakerexpresseshisintentionofspeaking,suchasaskingsomeonetoopenthewindow,heisperformingA.anillocutionaryact.B.aperlocutionaryact.C.alocutionaryact.D.noneoftheabove.38.WhichofthefollowingisNOTadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?A.Arbitrariness.B.Displacement.C.Duality.D.Diachronicity.2008英语专业8级考点：语言的定义性特征designfeature•Arbitrariness•Duality•Creativity(Productivity)•Displacement•Culturaltransmission39.Whattypeofsentenceis“Marklikesfiction,butTimisinterestedinpoetry.”?A.simplesentence.B.coordinatesentence.C.complexsentence.D.Noneoftheabove考点：句法—句子的类型•简单句•并列句•复杂句40.ThephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameformiscalledA.hyponymy.B.synonymy.C.polysemy.D.homonymy.考点：语义—词汇的意义关系Homonymy同音、同形异义night/knightHyponymy上下义关系Polysemy多义现象Synonymy同义现象2007英语专业8级38._______referstothestudyoftheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesofwordformation.A.PhonologyB.MorphologyC.SemanticsD.Sociolinguistics考点：语言学各分支Phonetics—语音学soundPhonology—音位学soundsMorphology—形态学wordSyntax—句法学sentenceSemantics—语义学meaningPragmatics—语用学meaninginuse/contextSociolinguistics—社会语言学languageandsociety39.ThedistinctivefeaturesofaspeechvarietymaybeallthefollowingEXCEPTA.LexicalB.syntacticC.PhonologicalD.psycholinguistic考点：语言学中的重要概念speechvariety40.Thewordtailoncereferredto“thetailofahorse”,butnowitisusedtomean“thetailofanyanimal.”ThisisanexampleofA.wideningofmeaningB.narrowingofmeaningC.meaningshiftD.lossofmeaning考点：语义关系—词汇的意义变化、语言的历史性发展语音，词汇，意义均发生变化扩展、缩小、改变2006年英语专业八级38.WhatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsisthenotionofA.ReferenceB.meaningC.AntonymyD.context考点：语义学和语用学的区别Semantics—语义学，词典意义，语言成分本身的内在含义Pragmatics—语用学，使用中的含义。语言成分在特定语的特定含义39.Thewordskid,child,offspringareexamplesofA.dialectalsynonymsB.stylisticsynonymsC.emotivesynonymsD.collocationalsynonyms考点：语义学—词汇的意义关系—同义现象40.ThedistinctionbetweenparoleandlanguewasmadebyA.HallidayB.ChomskyC.BloomfieldD.Saussure考点：重要人物及其贡献Bloomfield—S-RChomsky--competence&performance转换生成Halliday—functional系统功能Saussure—现代语言学之父language&paroleJohnAustin—speechactJohnSearle—furtherdevelopment（indirectspeechact）Grice--CP2005年英语专业8级38.SyntaxisthestudyofA.languagefunctions.B.sentencestructures.C.textualorganization.D.wordformation.考点：句法学研究对象39.WhichofthefollowingisNOTadistinctivefeatureofhumanlanguage?A.Arbitrariness.B.Productivity.C.Culturaltransmission.D.Finiteness.考点：语言的定义性特征40.Thespeechacttheorywasfirstputforwardby（）A.JohnSearle.B.JohnAustin.C.NoamChomsky.D.M.A.K.Halliday.I语言学导论II语言学主要分支学科III语言学的流派和理论I语言学导论1.designfeatureoflanguage（语言的定义特征）2.LanguageFamilies(世界语言分类)3.importantdistinctionsinlinguistics(语言学研究中几对重要的概念)4.scopeoflinguistics(语言学的研究范围)1.designfeatureoflanguage（语言的定义特征)definingpropertiesofhumanlanguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication1.designfeatureoflanguage语言定义特征1)Arbitrariness（任意性）2)Duality(二层性)3)Creativity/Productivity(创造性)4)Displacement（移位性）5)CulturalTransmission(文化传递性)1）Arbitrariness(任意性):定义：theformsoflinguisticsignsbearnonaturalrelationshiptotheirmeaning.举例：书,book,livre喜欢，like，aimer2）Duality（二层性）:定义：thepropertyofhavingtwolevelsofstructures,suchthatunitsoftheprimarylevelarecomposedofelementsofthesecondarylevel.举例：Soundssyllableswordsphrasesclausessentencestexts/discourses3）Creativity/Productivity（创造性）:定义：Languagecanbeusedtocreatenewmeaningsbecauseofitsduality举例1：/k/,/a:/,/p/----carporpark举例2：England,defeated,FranceEnglanddefeatedFrance.FrancedefeatedEngland.4）Displacement（替代性