绿色施工及绿色施工评价研究

华中科技大学硕士学位论文绿色施工及绿色施工评价研究姓名：陈晓红申请学位级别：硕士专业：管理科学与工程指导教师：李惠强20050426IGCAMLMLGCAEMSEMSEMSISO14001——EMSEMSEMSEMSISO14001IIAbstractWithmoreandmoreconcernsontheenvironmentalproblemsrecently,itisnoticedthatconstructionindustryhasplayedanimportantpartinshapingsociety’sphysicalenvironmentononehand;ontheotherhand,itshouldbemoreresponsibleforthenaturalresourcesandenergydepletionandtheenvironmentalpollutionthanotherman-madeproducts.Soitisverysignificantforthesustainabledevelopmentinourcountrytoimplementstrategiesofsustainabledevelopmentintheindustryofconstruction.Strategiesofsustainabledevelopmentmustbeimplementedinthelife-cycleitistosayinthephaseofdecision-making,designandconstructionofthearchitecture,fortheachievementofsustainabledevelopmentofthearchitecture.Environmentalimpactsduringthephaseofconstruction,whichismoredirectandobvious,areanalyzedinthispaperfirstly,onthebaseofwhich,thecauseofthepollutionandsomemeasurestocontrolthepollutionarediscussed.Toassesstheenvironmentalperformanceofcontractorsitneedsasystematicandobjectiveassessmenttool.However,mostoftheexistingassessmentmethodsarenotdesignedforassessingconstructionactivities,evensomeofmethodsreferstothisproblembutnotcomprehensive.ThroughreferenceoftheindicatorsofexistingGreenBuildingAssessmenttoolsandbroadinvestigation,GreenConstructionAssessment(GCA)isintroducedinthispaperinwhichtwotypesofindicators(ManagementandLoad)andcorrespondingassessmentcriteriaaredeveloped.ThentheweightingofeachindicatorisawardedthroughAHPandassessmentmodeliscreated,basedonwhich,wecanratetheconstructionaccordingtothescoresofMandL.Intheend,GCAisappliedtoareal-lifeproject,whichhasproventhepraticabilityofGCA.GCAhelpstosetstandardstoevaluatecontractors’performanceandprovideatoolfortheirself-assessment,whichishelpfulforcontractor’scontinuousimprovementonenvironmentalperformance.ThekeytocarryoutgreenconstructionistoimprovetheenvironmentalmanagementIIIoftheconstructionenterprise,soitneedstoestablishandimplementasystematicenvironmentalmanagementsystem(EMS).Firstly,thenecessityofestablishingEMSintheenterpriseandthebenefitsbroughtbyitareanalyzed.Then,someproblemssuchastheproceduresofsettingupEMS,lawandregulationsrelatedtoconstructionsitesandidentificationandevaluationofimportantenvironmentalfactorsinconstructionenterprisesarediscussed.Lastly,thedifficultiesofestablishingEMSintheenterpriseareidentifiedandcountermeasuresareputforward.KeyWordsgreenarchitecture,greenconstructionassessment,ISO14001,environmentalmanagementsystem(EMS)111.11.1.1“”[1]Moavenzadeh(1994)[2]2Levin(1997)3040251240202513[2]34%50%[3]SjostromBakens1999[2]4030CO2405040[4]1.15042504824504020CFC/HCFC50%1.11.1.2[4]16007019861996750703221.813.11.311452.54.51.52.2326123CO281200122/3211.21.2.1“”41987“”[5]“”80“”“”[6]“”[6]“”1.2.2“”“”5206070“”“”“”“”“”2060·(PaolaSoleri)(Eco1ogy)(Architecture)“Arology”[6]“”()“”1991··[4][4,79]61.31.3.130B·R·BuckminiserFuller“”morewithless[10]601963·VictorOlgyay——[11]10“”207019721976“”CHS“”2080(SBS)[12]7“”“”1998[13]1.3.2(BREEAM)(LEED,LeadershipinEnergy&EnvironmentalDesign)(NaturalResourcesCanada)(GreenBuildingChallenge)CASBEELNBESCALEEcoProfile[1417][18]1.1“”1.181.41.4.1[19]21“”91982[20]“”“”1042[21]“”1.4.22001“”[22]2004129[23]4SARS101.4.3[19]2008“”2120015——[4]ISO14001ISO14001111.5[46]——EMS122[24]2.12.1,2.112.2[25]8085dB(A)7585dB(A)7585dB(A)8595dB(A),[25]2.3132.215mdbA105135901001101001209010011511012011091125902.3GB12523-9075558570556555,2.1[26]142.12TSP,330%40%5006004000[27]20902000002.4[3]152.42620302029191315199120032.2200387200348[28]2.32.2199120034162.320035,GB65662001GB6763-862.2117232.312“”183430“”[27](1200~1400)(2200~600)195,2.412.46.207.ISO14001ISO1400020031161287ISO14001200142[29]ISO14001ISO140012133.1EnvironmentalAssessmentKuhre[3032]3.23.2.1EVEEnvironmentValuationEngineeringEVE1993101223.1EVE103.12123.2.2LCA1LifeCycleAssessmentLCA[3336]LCAISOISO14000ISO14040140493.3LCAGoalandScopeDefinitionInventoryAnalysisImpactAssessmentInterpretation23ISO14042ISO14041ISO14041ISO14042ISO140433.3LCACO2SO2LCILCI2LCA1LCACO2SO2CO2SO22LCA33LCA124233.2.3(GBTOOL)GreenBuildingChallenge[17]NatualResourcesCanada2000101914199810“98”GreenBuildingChallengeGBC2000200010InternationalSB2000GBC200048GBC2000GBC2000GBToolGBTool253.2.4BREEAMtheBuildingResearchEstablishmentEnvironmentalBREBREEAM[15]1520BREEAMBREEAMBREEAMBREAMHKBEAMBREEAMBREEAM123“”3.2.5HKBEAM1996BREEAMHongKongBuildingEnvironmentAssessmentMethodHKBEAM[11]HKBEAM96/1HKBEAMHKBEAM96/1OTTVHKBEAM96/126HKBEAM5HKBEAM96/1HKBEAM3.2.6LEEDUSGBC1995LEEDLeadershipinEnergyEnvironmentalDesign[14]200032.02.0LEED2.06USGBC332228272723LEED2.04273.2.73.1[7]3.1//GBC2000/25BREEAMUKCO2CO2/25HK-BEAMHongKong//LEEDUnitedStates283.33.3.12000218200110——[22]20021260803LEED2.0293.3.22008“”2008“”“”200210“”94014[23]1.42QLQuality()Load()(LEED)QLQ(Quality)L(Load)“”Q/L3.4303.4Q/LABCDEQ/L(1)(2)(3)(4)3144.1GreenConstructionAssessment4.1.1,[37]“”4.1.2[3840]CASBEEMLM(Management)32L(Load)“”CASBEELEEDM(managementperformanceindicators)L(environmentalloadind