论文-姓氏和称谓语习俗的对比

集美大学学士学位论文汉英姓氏和称谓语的习俗对比AComparisonofnamesandformsofaddressBetweenChineseandEnglish师范学院外语系英语教育专业九九级李毅懿指导教师:肖云萍2003年4月Outline:IntroductionI.Surname1.Chinesesurname1.1History1.2Sources2.Englishsurname2.1History2.2Sources3.AcomparisonbetweenChinesesurnamesandEnglishsurnames3.1History3.2Hereditarysurname3.3Compoundsurname3.4SourcesII.Givenname1.Chinesegivenname1.1Personalnamesarerelatedtohistoricalevents.1.2Personalnamesarerelatedtothedateofbirth.1.3Personalnamesarerelatedtotheplaceofbirth.1.4Personalnamesarerelatedtotheothers.2.Englishgivenname2.1Thefirsttypearereligiousnames.2.2Plant,especiallyflower,namesarepopularamongfemaleEnglishspeakers.2.3ThereareweaponnamesinEnglish.2.4ItseemsthatEnglishspeakersareparticularlyfondofpikesaspersonalnames.3.AcomparisonbetweenChinesesurnamesandEnglishsurnames3.1Englishbabiesmaybenamedafterinfluentialfigures.3.2WecanhardlyfindpersonalnamesinEnglishthatarerelatedtohistoricalevents,whicharequitecommonamongtheChinesepeople.3.3WecanhardlyfindpersonalnamesinEnglishrelatedtothedateofbirth.ButinChinesethesenamesarealsopopular.3.4WhateverinChinesenamingsystemorinEnglishnamingsystem,nameshavetheirdistinctionaccordingtothesex.3.5ThesequenceofChinesenameandEnglishname.III.Formaofaddress1.Kinshipterms2.Generalterms3.TitletermsConclusion摘要：姓名是社会上人们籍以相互区别的标志，不同的国家，不同的语言，有着不同的姓氏习俗和称谓体系。本文讨论了汉英姓氏的历史渊源以及称谓语的异同点，这可以避免跨文化交际中的陷阱，达到有效的交际。关键词：姓氏习俗，称谓语，异同点，文化差异。Abstract:Theyareasignforpeopletodistinguisheachotherinthesociety.Differentcountry,differentlanguageengenderthedifferentnaminghabits.Inthisessay,wetalkaboutthenaminghabitsbetweenChineseandEnglish.Naminghabitshaveadeeprelationshipwiththesocialbackgroundandthehistoricalculture.Whetherweareusingtherightformofnameswillmakeadirecteffectonthecross—culturecommunication.KeyWords:Naminghabits,vocatives,differences,culturedifferencesTableofcontents:Introduction………………………………………………………………………………I.Surname…………………………………………………………………………………1.Chinesesurname……………………………………………………………………2.Englishsurname……………………………………………………………………3.AcomparisonbetweenChinesesurnamesandEnglishsurnames…………………II.GivenName……………………………………………………………………………1.Chinesegivenname…………………………………………………………………2.Englishgivenname…………………………………………………………………3.AcomparisonbetweenChinesegivennameandEnglishgivenname……………III.FormsofAddress1.Kinshipterms………………………………………………………………………2.Generalterms………………………………………………………………………3.Titleterms…………………………………………………………………………Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………References………………………………………………………………………………Introduction:Namesrefertothewordsthatsomeoneiscalledorknownby.Namesincludegivennames,surnames,fullnames,withorwithoutatitle,andnicknamesorpetnames.ChinesenamesconsistsofsurnameplusgivennamewithsurnamesputfirstwhereasEnglishnameshavesurnamescomingfirst.Vocativesareusedtoaddressothersattention.Theyareanindispensablepartofeverydayconversation.Inthefollowing,wewouldliketodiscussthesourceofsurname,naminghabitsandformsofaddressinbothlanguages.I.Surname1.Chinesesurname1.1HistoryTheconventionofbearingasurnameinChinesecanbetracedto“伏羲氏”，“正姓氏别婚姻”，soChinesesurnamehasahistoryofatleast5000years.Thepresent“姓”isactuallythecombinationof“姓”and“氏”。FromtheancienttimestotheearlyperiodofChin“姓”and“氏”aretwodifferentconcept.Originally,“姓”isthesymbolofatribe,itderivesfromthematriarchy.Itisusedidentifythematernalrelationship.Therefore,wecanfind“女”intheformativepartofthecharacter“姓”,andalsomanyothercharactersofsurnames,suchas“姚，姒，姬，姜，妫”.Astimeelapsed,withthegrowingofpopulation,onetribesubdividedintoseveralbranches,witheachbranchhavingitsownsymbol,that’s“氏”.DuringtheWarringPeriod,peopleusuallyused“姓”insteadof“氏”.Graduallythedividebetween“姓”and“氏”becamevague,andtwocombinedintooneconcept,thatisthepresentsurname.1.2SourcesChinesesurnamesweredrawnmainlyfromthefollowingsources.1.2.1Ancestor’stitlesconferredaftertheydied,suchas“庄”王，“哀”公.1.2.2Ancestor’snobletitles,suchas王,公,侯.1.2.3Ancestor’sofficaltitles,suchas司马,司徒,帅,尉,司空.1.2.4Ancestor’scharacterorgivenname,郑国的公子“偃”,字“子游”,hisson’ssurnamewas“游”.1.2.5Thekingdomstheirancestorfounded,suchas齐,鲁,秦,晋.1.2.6Theplacetheylived,suchas西门,南宫.1.2.7Theoccupation,suchas陶、卜、巫、商、乐.1.2.8Ancestor’stotem,suchastheanimalsornaturalphenomenatheirancestorsworshipped“云,龙,熊,牛,马,羊,鹿”.TheChinesepeoplehavebeenaccustomedtotheexpression“百家姓”,eventhoughmore100surnamescanbefoundedinChinese.Accordingto《新编千家姓》editedby,thereare3017surnamesincludingthetwocharacterssurnames.Anotherbook《中国字符》publishedin台湾,thereare6363surnamesincludingsingle,twocharacters,threecharacters,fourcharacterssurnames.Generallyspeaking,itissaidtobeabout3000Chinesesurnames,mostlyaresingleandtwocharacters,threeandfourcharactersarerare,suchas朱可浑,步六孤,候莫陈,井疆六氏,自死独膊,爱新觉罗.2.Englishsurname2.1.HistoryThehistoryofthenamesinEnglishisonlyseveralhundredyears,peopleinancientEnglandhadonlyfirstnames.ThenamesoftheAnglo-Saxonsarequitesimple,mostlywascomposedofacommonwordsuchasFirthandSnelgar.Itwasnotuntilthe10thcenturythatthepracticeofbearingsurnamewasintroduced,tobemorespecific,intheyearof1066whentheNormansinvadedEngland,theybroughtwiththemtheconventi