ISO-21500-2012-项目管理指南

©ISO2012GuidanceonprojectmanagementLignesdirectricessurlemanagementdeprojetINTERNATIONALSTANDARDISO21500Firstedition2012-09-01ReferencenumberISO21500:2012(E)ISO21500:2012(E)ii©ISO2012–AllrightsreservedCOPYRIGHTPROTECTEDDOCUMENT©ISO2012Allrightsreserved.Unlessotherwisespecified,nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedorutilizedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopyingandmicrofilm,withoutpermissioninwritingfromeitherISOattheaddressbeloworISO’smemberbodyinthecountryoftherequester.ISOcopyrightofficeCasepostale56•[e-mail](E)©ISO2012–AllrightsreservediiiContentsPageForeword............................................................................................................................................................................ivIntroduction........................................................................................................................................................................v1Scope......................................................................................................................................................................12 Terms and definitions.........................................................................................................................................13Projectmanagementconcepts........................................................................................................................23.1General...................................................................................................................................................................23.2Project....................................................................................................................................................................33.3Projectmanagement...........................................................................................................................................43.4Organizationalstrategyandprojects.............................................................................................................43.5Projectenvironment...........................................................................................................................................53.6Projectgovernance.............................................................................................................................................63.7Projectsandoperations....................................................................................................................................63.8Stakeholdersandprojectorganization.........................................................................................................63.9Competenciesofprojectpersonnel...............................................................................................................73.10Projectlifecycle..................................................................................................................................................83.11Projectconstraints..............................................................................................................................................83.12Relationshipbetweenprojectmanagementconceptsandprocesses.................................................84Projectmanagementprocesses......................................................................................................................94.1Projectmanagementprocessapplication....................................................................................................94.2Processgroupsandsubjectgroups..............................................................................................................94.3Processes............................................................................................................................................................13AnnexA(informative)Processgroupprocessesmappedtosubjectgroups.................................................31ISO21500:2012(E)ForewordISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefederationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISOmemberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechnicalcommittees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhastherighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationalorganizations,governmentalandnon-governmental,inliaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandardization.InternationalStandardsaredraftedinaccordancewiththerulesgivenintheISO/IECDirectives,Part2.ThemaintaskoftechnicalcommitteesistoprepareInternationalStandards.DraftInternationalStandardsadoptedbythetechnicalcommitteesarecirculatedtothememberbodiesforvoting.PublicationasanInternationalStandardrequiresapprovalbyatleas