语法专题十三动词与动词短语(13)

第十三讲动词和动词短语一．真题自测【2013福建】24.Michellefoundajobasahighschoolteacherwhich________spendingquitealotoftimewithstudents.A.enjoysB.involvesC.practicesD.Suggests【2013福建】28.Old-fashionedphonesmatterwhenwirelessnetworks________indisasters.A.turndownB.turnoutC.breakdownD.breakout【2013湖北】23.Whileintelligentpeoplecanoften______thecomplex,afoolismorelikelytocomplicatethesimple.A.sacrificeB.substituteC.simplifyD.survive【2013湖北】24.Accordingtothelaw,allforeignershaveto______withthelocalpolicewithintwoweeksofarrival.A.associateB.disputeC.negotiateD.register【2013湖北】25.Butterflies______asweetliquidproducedbyflowers,whichbeesandotherinsectscollect.A.carryonB.feedonC.putonD.focuson【2013湖北】26.Inmuchoftheanimalworld,nightisthetime______forsleep—pureandsimple.A.setasideB.setdownC.setoffD.setup【2013江苏】23.—Thetownissobeautiful!Ijustloveit.—Metoo.Thecharacterofthetowniswell.A.qualifiedB.preservedC.decoratedD.simplified【2013江苏】29.Teamleadersmustensurethatallmemberstheirnaturaldesiretoavoidtheembarrassmentassociatedwithmakingmistakes.A.getoverB.lookoverC.takeoverD.comeover【2013江西】27.Motheralwayscomplainsthatchildren_______theirshoesveryquickly.A.findoutB.washoutC.wearoutD.setout【2013江西】31.She_____thecarpetwithsomeverynicecurtainsincolor.A.connectedB.fittedC.equippedD.matched.二．考点讲义一、动词英语动词根据其意义和句法作用，可分为实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四大类。实义动词又称行为动词，为表示动作或状态的动词，可以单独充当句子的谓语。实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词两类。InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeanswaitingforanotherhour.Briantoldyouthattherewasn'tanyoneintheroomatthattime,didn'the?Inordertomakeourcitygreen,wemustplantmoretrees.二、动词短语英语中的动词短语通常由动词加介词、副词、名词等构成，在句中起动词的作用。MrReedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadtosettingupsomeschoolsforpoorchildren.Inordertocatchupwiththeadvancedcountries,wemustkeeplearning.动词在句中作谓语或谓语的一部分时，其形式要随主语的人称和数的变化而变化。高考对动词和动词词组的考查主要在以下几个方面。1．对不及物动词的考查不及物动词本身意思完整，不需要跟宾语，也没有被动语态。Youaresupposedtoarriveontime.WewenttoCanadatotravelandmycousinactedasourguide.2．对及物动词的考查及物动词本身意思不完整，后面需要接宾语。Inourchildhood,wewereoftenremindedbyparentstopayparentstostudyhard.—Juliasaidshesentyouabirthdaycardyesterday.Haveyougotit?—Oh,really!Ihaven'tcheckedmymailboxyet.3．对连系动词的考查连系动词虽有一定的词义，但不完全，不能独立充当谓语，必须和作表语的词(名词、形容词等)连用。Althoughhehastakenalotofmedicine,hishealthremainspoor.Cottonfeelssoftwhilestonefeelshard.4．动词＋副词Thefamousscientistgrewupwherehewasbornandin1930hecametoShanghai.WhenyouturnontheTVset,clearpictureswillimmediatelyappearonthescreen.注意：在“动词＋副词”的词组中宾语位置有两种情况：宾语如是名词，则可置于副词后面，亦可置于动词和副词之间。而如果宾语是代词，只能置于动词后面，即动词和副词之间。Youcantakethemagazineoutofthereadingroom.5．动词＋介词动词与介词构成的词组在词义上相当于一个及物动词，宾语置于介词后面。Thatfashionwhichdiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.Ifyourunintoanyproblemswhenyouarriveattheairport,givemearing.6．动词＋副词＋介词这类动词短语在词义上相当于一个及物动词，其宾语置于介词之后。Wemustworkhardtomakeupforlosttime.Youarewalkingtoofast.Ican'tkeepupwithyou.7．动词＋名词这类动词短语中的常见动词是have，take，give，make等，后面的名词通常是从动词转化而来的动作名词，并表达了短语动词的真正意义。Hecaughtsightofanoldfriendwhenhewasshopping.Takeholdoftheropeandyouwillclimbup.8．动词＋名词＋介词这类动词短语只用作及物动词。名词前可加形容词说明程度，宾语总是位于介词之后。KeepaneyeonthebabywhileIamout.Whattheteachersayshasgreateffectonthepupils.9．be＋形容词(包括过去分词作形容词)＋介词这类动词短语也相当于及物动词，宾语位于介词后面，形容词的词义是短语动词的真正词义。ItoldhimwhatIwassurprisedatwashisattitudetowardshisstudy.Itisgoodforelderlypeopletobeinvolvedincommunityserviceactively.三．考点强化【2013辽宁】32.Briggswill_______asgeneralmanagerwhenMitchellretires.A.getawayB.takeoverC.setoffD.runout【2013陕西】25.Myunclehasn’tbeenabletoquitsmoking,butatleasthehas.A.cutoutB.cutdownC.cutupD.cutoff【2013天津】2.Ifyouareintrouble,Mikeisalwayswillingtoahand.A.lendB.shakeC.waveD.want【2013天津】8.IhadhopedtotakeaholidaythisyearbutIwasn’tabletoA.getawayB.dropinC.checkoutD.holdon【2013新课标II卷】2.Wouldyouliketowithustothefilmtonight?A.comealongB.comeoffC.comeacrossD.comethrough【2013新课标II卷】8.Thewatchwasverygood,andhe20percentdownforit.A.paidB.costC.boughtD.spent【2013新课标I卷】23.Trynottocoughmorethanyoucansinceitmaycauseproblemstoyourlungs.A.checkB.allowC.stopD.help【2013新课标I卷】30.Atthelastmoment,Tomdecidedtoanewcharactertomakethestoryseemmorelikely.A.putupB.putinC.putonD.putoff【2013浙江】9.Whenthegroupdiscussionisnearingitsend,makesureto______itwithimportantpoints.A.concludeB.leadC.avoidD.hold【2013浙江】12.Agoodlistenertakespartintheconversation,______ideasandraisingquestionstokeepthetalkflowing.A.realizingB.copyingC.offeringD.misunderstanding【2013浙江】17.Bears______fatstoresthroughoutthesummerandfalltohaveenergyenoughtolastthemthroughtheirwintersleep.A.packupB.buildupC.bringupD.takeup【2013安徽】26.Traditionally,collegestudentsholdagraduationceremonytoencouragethemselvesbeforethey______ontheirlifejourney.A.giveupB.settledownC.getthroughD.setoff四．句子翻译1.这篇新闻报道是完全根据实际情况写的。(base…on)2.父母去世后，他由他的姐姐抚养长大。(bringup)3.咱们应该怎样处理这些废报纸？(dowith)4.如果天气允许的话，我们将在树林里野餐。(permit)5.当我到达的时候，我发现门被关上了。(find+宾语+补语)6.没人能对他的旷课做出解释。(accountfor)7.我决定还是求稳不要冒险。(takeachance；ratherthan)五．完成句子11.Thefreshairinthecountryside_______________________________(已经改善了)toherhealth.(difference)12.WheneverI’mintrouble,healways___________________________________(帮助我).(hand)13._________________________