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2-6测量某电路电流共5次,测得数据(单位为mA)为168.41,168.54,168.59,168.40,168.50。试求算术平均值及其标准差、或然误差和平均误差。168.41168.54168.59168.40168.505x168.488()mA)(082.015512mAvii0.0820.037()5xmAn或然误差:0.67450.67450.0370.025()xRmA平均误差:0.79790.79790.0370.030()xTmA2-7在立式测长仪上测量某校对量具,重量测量5次,测得数据(单位为mm)为20.0015,20.0016,20.0018,20.0015,20.0011。若测量值服从正态分布,试以99%的置信概率确定测量结果。20.001520.001620.001820.001520.00115x20.0015()mm5210.0002551iiv正态分布p=99%时,t2.58limxxt0.000252.5850.0003()mm测量结果:lim(20.00150.0003)xXxmm2-10用某仪器测量工件尺寸,已知该仪器的标准差σ=0.001mm,若要求测量的允许极限误差为±0.0015mm,而置信概率P为0.95时,应测量多少次?解:根据极限误差的意义,有0015.0nttx根据题目给定得已知条件,有5.1001.00015.0nt查教材附录表3有若n=5,v=4,α=0.05,有t=2.78,24.1236.278.2578.2nt若n=4,v=3,α=0.05,有t=3.18,59.1218.3418.3nt即要达题意要求,必须至少测量5次。3-2为求长方体体积V,直接测量其各边长为mma6.161,mm44.5b,mmc2.11,已知测量的系统误差为mma2.1,mmb8.0,mmc5.0,测量的极限误差为mma8.0,mmb5.0,mmc5.0,试求立方体的体积及其体积的极限误差。abcV),,(cbafV2.115.446.1610abcV)(44.805413mm体积V系统误差V为:cabbacabcV)(74.2745)(744.274533mmmm立方体体积实际大小为:)(70.7779530mmVVV222222lim)()()(cbaVcfbfaf222222)()()(cbaabacbc)(11.37293mm测量体积最后结果表示为:VVVVlim03)11.372970.77795(mm5-1测量方程为32.920.9231.9xyxyxy试求x、y的最小二乘法处理及其相应精度。误差方程为1232.9(3)0.9(2)1.9(23)vxyvxyvxy列正规方程1112111121222111nnniiiiiiiiinnniiiiiiiiiaaxaayalaaxaayal代入数据得14513.45144.6xyxy解得015.0962.0yx将x、y代入误差方程式1232.9(30.9620.015)0.0010.9(0.96220.015)0.0321.9(20.96230.015)0.021vvv测量数据的标准差为322110.03832niiiivvnt求解不定乘数11122122dddd11121112212221221451514014505141dddddddd解得082.02211ddx、y的精度分别为01.011dx01.022dy6-1材料的抗剪强度与材料承受的正应力有关。对某种材料试验的数据如下:正应力x/Pa26.825.428.923.627.723.9抗剪强度y/Pa26.527.324.227.123.625.9正应力x/Pa24.728.126.927.422.625.6抗剪强度y/Pa26.322.521.721.425.824.9假设正应力的数值是正确的,求(1)抗剪强度与正应力之间的线性回归方程。(2)当正应力为24.5Pa时,抗剪强度的估计值是多少?(1)设一元线形回归方程bxby012Nxbybllbxxxy0047.43xxl533.29xyl69.0047.43533.29xxxyllbxybyx69.069.42ˆ69.4297.2569.077.2477.242.29712197.256.3111210(2)当X=24.5Pa)(79.255.2469.069.42ˆPay
本文标题:误差课后答案
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