英语中的26个英文字母及发音音标

英语中的26个英文字母及发音音标如下:Aa[eɪ]Bb[bi:]Cc[si:]Dd[di:]Ee[i:]Ff[ef]Gg[dʒi:]Hh[eɪtʃ]Ii[aɪ]Jj[dʒeɪ]Kk[keɪ]Ll[eǀ]Mm[em]Nn[en]Oo[əʊ]Pp[pi:]Qq[kju:]Rr[ɑ:]Ss[es]Tt[ti:]Uu[ju:]Vv[vi:]Ww[′dʌbǀju:]Xx[eks]Yy[waɪ]Zz[zi:]/[zed]以上我们可以看出,英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素.如:з1)含元音音素[eɪ]字母:AaHhJjKk音标:[eɪ][eɪt∫][dʒeɪ][keɪ]2)含元音音素[i:]字母:BbCcDdEeGgPpTtVv音标:[bi:][si:][di:][i:][di:][pi:][ti:][vi:]3)含元音音素[e]字母:FfLlMmNnSsXxZz音标:[ef][el][em][en][es][eks][zed]4)含元音音素[ju:]字母:UuQqWw音标:[ju:][kju:][`dʌblju:]5)含元音音素[aɪ]字母:Ii音标:[aɪ]Yy音标:[waɪ]英语发音规则一,元音字母在重读音节中的读音元音字母的读音a在开音节中读如：nameplaneJanebabycake在闭音节中[æ]如：bagdadhatmapblackbacke在开音节中[i:]hethesemeChinese在闭音节中[e]bedletpendeskyeseggi在开音节中[ɑbikedrivetimenicekite在闭音节中[ı]fishbigdrinksitmilkswimo在开音节中[әu]thoseclosegohomeno在闭音节中[D]clocknotboxshopsocku在开音节中[ju:]studentexcusedutyTuesday在闭音节中[Λ]buscupjumpmuchlunch在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j,l,r,s后面时读[u:]音,例如:Junebluerulersuper二,元音字母在非重读音节中的读音a[ә]Chinaanotherwomanbreakfast[]orangecomradevillagecabbagee[ә]hundredstudentopenweekendchickenpocketbeginchildreni[ә]/[ı]holidaybeautifulfamilyanimalexercisesatelliteo[ә]secondtonightsomebodywelcome[әu]alsozerophotou[ә]autumndiffcult[ju:]popularcongratulationJanuary动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读音,例如:operateu处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j、l、r、s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:JulyinfluenceFebruaryissue三,元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音1、a在[w]音后面[פ]wantwhatwatchwashqualitya在f、n、sk、ph、sp、ss、st、th前时读[ɑ:]afterplantgraphaskgraspglassfastfather2、i在-nd、-ld和gh前读[ɑ]如:findchildlighthigh3、o在-st、-ld前读[әu]如:mostpostcardoldcold4、o在m、n、v、th前读[Λ]comemonkeylovemother四,-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音əзŋ1、arar一般读[ɑ:]carfarmdarksharp在[w]后读[פ:]warmquartertowards2、or[פ:]如：fortymorningshortor在[w]音后面读[з:]wordworkerworse3、er、ir、ur读[з:]如：certainlybirdThursday辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音.例如:carrysorryhurry-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[ә]音,例如:dollarteachermartyrforgetSaturday五,-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读音例词are[eә]caredarehareheremereire[ɑfirehirewireore[פ:]morescorebeforeshoreboreure[ju:ә]purecureareereireore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[ə]音,例如:picturepleasure重读元音字母加r,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母r读[r]音.例如:parentzerostoryduringinspiring某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象.例如:orangeveryAmericanparagraph六,元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组ai/ay读音例词afraidrainwaitdayplayair[eә]airhairchairpairrepairal在f,m前读[פ:l]smallballtalkwallall[פ:l]alwaysalsosaltalmostbald[ɑ:]halfcalmpalmau/aw[פ:]autumndaughterdrawea[i:]teacheasycheapplease[e]heavybreadsweaterweatherbreakgreatheardearnearclearyear[eә]bearpearwear[з:]earthlearnearlyee[i:]jeepweekgreenthreeeerpioneerdeerbeereightneighbourthey[i:]eitherkeyeu/ew在j、l、r、s后读[ju:]newfewnewspaper[u:]flewbrewie/ei在[s]音之后念[i:]piecefieldreceiveoa[әu]coatJoanboatgoaloar/oor[פ:]roarboarddoorflooroi/oy[פnoisepointboytoiletoo[u:]broomfoodtoothschool[u]booklookcookfootgoodou/ow[ɑu]flowerhousecountdown[әu]knowrowthrowthough[Λ]youngcountryenough[u:]groupyousoupour[פ:]courseyourfour[ɑuә]ourhourours[з:]journeyui在j、l、r、s后fluidsuicidetuition[u:]juicefruitsuit七,非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音元音字组或字群读音例词ai/ay、Sundayforeignmonkeyow[әu]yellowsparrowtomorrow元音字组在非重读音节中读[ә]音或例如:neighbourseriousfamousbiscuitcoffee-sion-tion[∫n]impressionnation-sion在元音字母后[n]visiondecisionoccasion-tion在s后[t∫n]questionsuggestion-sten[sn]listen-stle[sl]whistlecastle-sure[Зə]pleasuremeasure-ture[t∫ə]pictureculture八,元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读.例如:everyday[]handbag[æ]blackboard[פ:]有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词.其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音.例如:sun太阳+day[]日子Sunday[]星期天holy神圣+day[]日子holiday[]假日break中断+fast[ɑ:]斋戒breakfast[ə]早餐cup茶杯+board木板[פ:]cupboard[ə]碗柜九,辅字组的读音辅音字母组读音例词b[b]bikebusbag[/]bombtombc[k]cakepicturecoatmusic在e前或在i/y前[s]facedecidecinemach[t∫]muchchickrichteacher[k]schoolheadachechemistry[∫]machine-ck[k]cockpocketblackknockd[d]doctorbreadhandday-dge[d]bridgefridgedr-[dr]childrendriverdrink-ds[dz]standsfloodsgoodsf[f]fivefourbreakfastg[g]baggardongo在ei/y前[d]orangelargeGermangh[f]coughenough[/]lightdaughterhighgu--guegu在非重读音节中[g]guessleaguedialogue[gw]languageanguishh[h]hotheadhousehand[/]hourhonestj[d]jeepjarjokejoinJulyk[k]kindbikeskatemakeweekkn-[n]knifeknowknockl[l]lifemilkschooltallm[m]monkeycomeautumn-mn[m]autumncolumnn[n]notshinetennote在[k]/[g]音前[ŋ]unclethankhungry-ng[ŋ]morningyoungwrongp[p]paperplanepigshippenph[f]elephantphototelephoneq[k]Iraqqu-[kw]qualityquiter[r]redrubberrulers在词首或清辅音前[s]sitsleepdesk元音字母间或浊辅音前[z]musichusbandsc-[sk]scarletschool[s]musclesciencesh[∫]shefishshirtwasht在通常情况下[t]tenlettermeet在弱读字母iaieio前[∫]patientnationtch[t∫]watchkitchenth在通常情况下[θ]thinthirtymethod在冠词代词介词连词中[ð]thethesewiththan在词尾-the-ther中[ð]clothefatherweathertr-[tr]treetraincountrytruckts[ts]sportspartsv[v]veryvoiceloveleavew[w]weekwinwakesweetwait[/]answertwowh-wh-在字母o前[w]whatwhenwhitewhy[h]whowhosewholex在重读元音前[ks]boxtextexercise[gz]examleexistexactwr-[r]writey-[j]yesyardyellowyoungz[z]puzzlezerozoo重读音节单词中读音特别响亮的音节.用音标标记双音节,多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号.单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号.开音节①绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节.例如:noblueba-bystu-dentse-cret.②相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节.例如:namethesebikehomeex-cuse.闭音节单个元音字母后面有辅字组(rwy除外)且以辅字组结尾的重读音节.例如:bageggfishnotcup多音节词重读规则多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读.例如:el-e-phantcon-gr