英语四级阅读练习及答案

2014年英语四级阅读练习及答案(38)1.ThreeKindsofFatigueFatigueisoneofthemostcommoncomplaintsbroughttodoctors,friends,andrelatives.You#39;dthinkinthiseraoflabor-savingdevicesandconvenienttransportationthatfewpeoplewouldhavereasontobesotired.Butprobablymorepeoplecomplainoffatiguetodaythaninthedayswhenhaywasbaledbyhandandlaundryscrubbedonawashboard.Thecausesofmodern-dayfatiguearediverseandonlyrarelyrelatedtoexcessivephysicalexertion.Therelativelyfewpeoplewhodoheavylaboralldaylongalmostnevercomplainaboutbeingtired,perhapsbecausetheyexpecttobe.Today,physiciansreport,tirednessismorelikelyaconsequenceofunder-exertionthanofwearingyourselfdownwithover-activity.Infact,increasedphysicalactivityisoftenprescribedasacureforloweringenergy.Physical.Thisisthewell-knownresultofoverworkingyourmusclestothepointwheremetabolic(新成代谢的)wasteproducts—carbondioxideandlacticacid(乳酸)—accumulateinourbloodandreduceyourstrength.Yourmusclescan#39;tcontinuetoworkefficientlyinabathofthesechemicals.Physicalfatigueisusuallyapleasanttiredness,suchasthatwhichyoumightexperienceafterplayingahardsetoftennis,choppingwood,orclimbingamountain.Thecureissimpleandfast:Yourest,givingyourbodyachancetogetridofaccumulatedwastesandrestoremusclefuel.Pathological(病理的).Herefatigueisawarningsignorconsequenceofsomeunderlyingphysicaldisorder,perhapsthecommoncoldorfluorsomethingmoreseriouslikediabetesorcancer.Usuallyothersymptomsbesidesfatiguearepresentthatsuggestthetruecause.Evenafteranillnesshaspassed,you#39;relikelytofeeldraggedoutforaweekormore.Takeyourfatigueasasignaltogoslowwhileyourbodyhasachancetorecoverfullyevenifallyouhadwasacold.Pushingyourselftoresumefullactivitytoosooncouldleadtoarelapse(旧病复发)andalmostcertainlywillprolongourperiodoffatigue.Eventhoughillnessisnotfrequentcauseofprolongedfatigue,it#39;sveryimportantthatitnotbeoverlooked.Therefore,anyonewhofeelsdrainedofenergyforweeksonendshouldhaveathoroughphysicalcheck-up.Butevenifnothingshowsupasaresultofthevariousmedicaltests,thatdoesn#39;tmeanthere#39;snothingwrongwithyou.Psychological.Emotionalproblemsandconflicts,especiallydepressionandanxiety,arebyfarthemostcommoncausesofprolongedfatigue.Fatiguemayrepresentadefencemechanismthatpreventsyoufromhavingtofacethetruecauseofyourdepression,suchasthefactthatyouhateyourjob.Itisalsoyourbody#39;ssafetymechanismforexpressingrepressedemotionalconflicts,suchasfeelingtrappedinanungratefulroleoranunhappymarriage.Whensuchfeelingsarenotexpressedopenly,theyoftencomeoutasphysicalsymptoms,withfatigueasoneofthemostcommonmanifestations.Manypeoplewhoareextremelyfatigueddon#39;tevenknowthey#39;redepressed,Dr.Bulettesays.They#39;resobusydistractingthemselvesorjustworryingaboutbeingtiredthattheydon#39;trecognizetheirdepression.Thereisagreatdealyoucandoonyourowntodealwithbothsevereprolongedfatigueandthoseperiodicwashed-outfeelings.Vitaminsandtranquilizers(镇静剂)arealmostnevertherightanswer,sleepingpillsandalcoholarecounterproductive,andcaffeineisatbestatemporarysolutionthatcanbackfirewithabuseandcauselife-disruptingsymptomsofanxiety.Instead,youmighttry:DietIfyoueatasmallbreakfastornoneatall,you#39;relikelytoexperiencemid-morningfatigue,theresultofadropinbloodsugar,whichyourbodyandbraindependonforenergy.Forpeakenergyinthemorning,besuretoeataproperbreakfast,lowinsugarandfairlyhighinprotein,whichwillprovideasteadysupplyofbloodsugarthroughoutthemorning.Coffeeandadoughnutarealmostworsethannothing,providingabriefboostandthenlettingyoudownwithathud.ExerciseContrarytowhatyoumaythink,exerciseenhances,ratherthansaps,energy.Regularconditioningexercises,suchasjogging,cycling,orswimming,helpyoutoresistfatiguebyincreasingyourbody#39;sabilitytohandlemoreofaworkload.Yougettiredlessquicklybecauseyourcapabilityisgreater.Exercisealsohasawell-recognizedtranquilizingeffect,whichhelpsyouworkinamorerelaxedfashionandbelessdraggeddownbythetensionsofyourday.Attheendofadayexercisecanrelieveaccumulatedtensions,giveyoumoreenergyintheevening,andhelpyousleepmorerestfully.SleepIfyouknowyou#39;retiredbecauseyouhaven#39;tbeengettingenoughsleep,thesolutionissimple:Gettobedearlier.There#39;snorightamountofsleepforeveryone,andgenerallysleeprequirementsdeclinewithage.Findtheamountthatsuitsyoubest,andaimforit.Insomnia(失眠)andothersleepdisordersshouldnotbetreatedwithsleepingpills,alcohol,ortranquilizers,whichcanactuallymaketheproblemworse.KnowyourselfTrytoscheduleyourmostdifficultjobsforthetimeofdaywhenyou#39;reatyourpeak.Somearemorningpeoplewhotirebymid-afternoon;othersdotheirbestworkintheevening.Don#39;toverextendyourself,tryingtoclimbtheladderofsuccessatarecordpaceortomeeteveryone#39;sdemandsorexpectations.Decidewhatyouwanttodoandwhatyoucanhandlecomfortably,andlearntosaynotoadditionalrequests.Recognizeyourenergycyclesandplanaccordingly.Manywomenhavealowpointpremenstrually,duringwhichtimeextrasleepmaybeneededanddemandingactivitiesareparticularlyexhausting.,TakebreaksNomatterhowinterestingordemandingyouwork,you#39;llbeabletodoitwithmorevigorifnowandagainyoustop,stretch,andchangethescenery.Insteadofcoffeeandasweetrollonyourbreak,trym