英语翻译学习资料(含中英文解释)

例1.Winnersdonotdedicatetheirlivestoaconceptofwhattheyimaginetheyshouldbe,rather,theyarethemselvesandassuchdonotusetheirenergyputtingonaperformance,maintainingpretenceandmanipulating（操纵）others.Theyareawarethatthereisadifferencebetweenbeinglovedandactingloving,betweenbeingstupidandactingstupid,betweenbeingknowledgeableandactingknowledgeable.Winnersdonotneedtohidebehindamask.1.dedicateto把时间，精力用于2.pretence虚伪，虚假6．1斤斤于字比句次，措辞生硬例2.Solitudeisanexcellentlaboratoryinwhichtoobservetheextenttowhichmannersandhabitsareconditionedbyothers.Mytablemannersareatrocious(丑恶)—inthisrespectI'veslippedbackhundredsofyearsinfact,Ihavenomannerswhatsoever（完全，全然）.IfIfeellikeit,Ieatwithmyfingers,oroutofacan,orstandingup—inotherwords,whicheveriseasiest.孤独是很好的实验室，正好适合观察一个人的举止和习惯在多大程度上受人制约。如今我吃东西的举止十分粗野；这方面一放松就倒退了几百年，实在是一点礼貌也没有。我高兴就用手抓来吃，（eatoutofacan）开个罐头端着吃，站着吃；反正怎么省事就怎么吃。1.Beconditionedby受……制约2.Atrocious丑恶3.Whatsoever完全，全然6．2结构松散，表达过于口语化例3．有一次，在拥挤的车厢门口，我听见一位男乘客客客气气地问他前面的一位女乘客：“您下车吗？”女乘客没理他。“您下车吗？”他又问了一遍。女乘客还是没理他。他耐不住了，放大声问：“下车吗？”，那女乘客依然没反应。“你是聋子，还是哑巴？”他急了，捅了一下那女乘客，也引起了车厢里的人都往这里看。女乘客这时也急了，瞪起一双眼睛，回手给了男乘客一拳。（庄绎传，英汉翻译教程，1999：练习3）译文1：Onceatthecrowdeddoorofthebus,Iheardamanpassengeraskedpolitelyawomanpassengerbeforehim:“Areyougettingoff?”Thewomanmadenoanswer.“Areyougettingoff?”themanaskedagain,butthewomansilldidn'tpayattentiontohim.Themancouldn'tbepoliteanylongerandaskedloudly,thewomanstillhadnoresponse.“Areyouadeaforadumb?”Hebecameupsetandgaveapushtothewoman,andalsoitattractedtheattentionofotherpassengers.Atthistime,thewomanalsobecameupset,staredatthemanandgavehimbackafist.译文2：Onceatthecrowdeddoorwayinabus,Iheardamanaskedpolitelyawomanbeforehim:“Areyougettingoff?”Thewomanhadnoresponse.Hethenrepeateditbutinvain.Hegotimpatientandaskedlouder:“Gettingoff?”butstillnoansweratall.Hebecameirritated（烦恼）,shouting:“Areyouadeaforadumb?”andgaveherapush,whichdrewotherpassengers'attention.Annoyed,thewomanglaredathimandhithimback(withherfist).例4．Bookspossessanessenceofimmortality.Theyarebyfarthemostlastingproductsofhumaneffort.Templesandstatuesdecay,butbookssurvive.Timeisofnoaccountwithgreatthoughts,whicharefreshtodayaswhentheyfirstpassedthroughtheirauthor'sminds,agesago.Whatwasthen(那时候)saidandthoughtstillspeakstousvividlyasever//fromtheprintedpage.Theonlyeffectoftimehasbeensiftout(筛落)thebadproducts,fornothinginliteraturecanlongsurvivebutwhatisreallygood.译文1：书的特质在于永恒，是人类经努力奋斗而产生的最长久产品。庙宇和雕塑会腐朽，但书籍却能永存。时间在伟大思想面前毫无作用，许多年前闪现在作者心头的思想至今仍栩栩如生。当年的所言所思至今仍在印刷的纸上生动地回响。时间的唯一作用就是去掉糟粕。只要是真正的精华就能在文学上永存。译文2：书的实质在于世代永存，是迄今人类长期努力得来的最持久产品。庙宇会坍塌，雕像会腐蚀，但书籍却能永存。伟大的思想不会因岁月的流失而消泯，前人的思想历久长新，其所言所思至今仍跃然纸上、声声入耳。悠悠岁月只会去尽糟粕，真正的好书经得起历史的淘汰和荡涤（反选）。6．3语篇整体与局部例5．（前6.2.1例2）大家都说，糟了，怕是遭了狼了！(1)Whenseeingthis,everybodythererealizedthatsomethingbadmusthavehappened-----hewaskilledbyawolf!√(2)Everybodysaidthatitwastoobad!Hewaslikelytomeetwithawolf!例6.“…”,beganClyde,whodidnotquitelikethelooksofthemanbeforehim,butwasdeterminedtopresenthimselfasagreeableaspossible.(1)“……”，克莱德开口说。尽管他不太喜欢眼前这个人，但还是决定让自己表现得尽量随和一些。(2)……。尽管他不太喜欢眼前这个领班，但还是决定让自己尽量迎合一下对方。例7.孔子很早就说：“四十而不惑”。意思是到了四十，就是肥肉一块吊到你嘴边，你饥肠辘辘馋涎欲滴，也不应该伸脖子去贪嘴了。Danglev.摇晃地悬挂着juicymeat6．4形式与内容的统一例8．Ononeofthosesober（严肃）andrathermelancholy（忧郁）days,inthelaterpartofAutumn,whentheshadowsofmorningandeveningalmostmingletogether,andthrowagloomoverthedeclineoftheyear,Ipassedseveralhoursinrambling（漫步）aboutWestminsterAbbey.Therewassomethingcongenial（适意的）totheseasoninthemournful（悲哀）magnificenceoftheoldpile;and,asIpasseditsthreshold,seemedlikesteppingbackintotheregionsofantiquity,andlosingmyselfamongtheshadesofformerages.（WashingtonIrving,WestminsterAbbey）时方晚秋，气象肃穆，略带忧郁，早晨的阴影和黄昏的阴影，几乎连在一起，不可分别，岁将云暮(岁聿云暮suìyùyúnmù指一年将尽。同“岁聿其莫”)，终日昏暗，我就在这么一天，到西敏大寺去散步了几个钟头。古寺巍巍，森森然似有鬼气，和阴沉沉的季候正好调和；我跨进大门，觉得自己已经置身远古，相忘于古人的鬼影之中了。——“西敏大寺”，夏济安译，1976，p.541.Soberadj.严肃的2.Melancholyadj.忧郁的3.Congenialadj.适意的4.Mournfuladj.悲哀的5.Thresholdn.门槛6.Antiquityn.古物例9.拿有些古都来说，其建筑体现着三个层面：由宫殿府邸、皇家园林等构成的帝王古都；由道观神庙、社稷祭坛等构成的“鬼神”古都；由胡同、四合院及其它民居建筑构成的老百姓古都。ThreekindsofbuildingsmakeupChina'sarchitecturalfeaturesoftheancientcapital:(1)imperialpalaces(宫殿)andofficialresidences（府邸）;(2)templesandaltars（祭坛）;(3)compoundswithhousesbuiltaroundacourtyard,andthelanesandotherbuildingslivedinbyordinarypeople.（名词新词）Newwords:1.宫殿imperialpalace2.府邸officialresidence3.祭坛altar4.四合院courtyardhouse5.胡同lane/Hutung例10.ThehardestlessonIhadtolearnwastobelievemeinmyself.Thatwasbasic.IfIhadn'tbeenabletodothat,Iwouldhavecollapsed（消沉）andbecomeachairrockeronthefrontporchfortherestofmylife.WhenIsaybeliefinmylifeIamnottalkingaboutsimplythekindofself-confidencethathelpsmedownanunfamiliarstaircase（楼梯）alone.Thatispartofit.ButImeansomethingbiggerthanthat:anassurancethatIam,despiteimperfection,areal,positiveperson,thatsomewhere【inthesweeping(影响广泛的，大范围的),intricate（复杂的）patternofpeople（定语）】thereisaspecialplacewhereIcanmakemyselffit.我必须学会的最艰难的一课就是相信自己，这是基本条件。如做不到这一点，我的精神就会崩溃，只能坐在前门廊的摇椅中度过余生。相信自己并不仅仅指支持我独自走下陌生的楼梯的那种自信，那是一部分。我指的是大事：是坚信（nv）自己虽然有缺陷，却是一个真正的有进取心的人；坚信在芸芸众生错综复杂的格局当中，自有我可以安身立命的一席之地。Newwords:1.collapsedadj.消沉的；2.chairrocker摇椅3.assurancen.自信4.sweepingadj