英语语言学精品考研试题

ModelTest1I.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(2%×10=20%)1.()Thestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalled__________linguistics.A.particularB.generalC.ordinaryD.generative2.()__________canbesimplydefinedasthespeechsoundsweusewhenspeakingalanguage.A.PhonesB.SoundsC.PhonemesD.Speechsounds3.()Thetwoclausesina__________sentencearestructurallyequalpartsofthesentence.A.simpleB.completeC.complexD.coordinate4.()Whatisactuallyinternalizedinthemindofanativespeakerisa__________systemofgrammaticalknowledge.A.phraseB.sentenceC.ruleD.symbol5.()“Ilikethisshirtverymuch.”has__________arguments.A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four6.()Ifasentenceisregardedaswhatpeopleactuallyutterinthecourseofcommunication,itbecomes__________.A.asentenceB.anactC.aunitD.anutterance7.()___________involvesareversalinpositionoftwoadjoiningsoundsegments.A.ApocopeB.EpenthesisC.MetathesisD.Assimilation8.()Thegoalof__________istoexplorethenatureoflanguagevariationandlanguageuseamongavarietyofspeechcommunitiesandindifferentsocialsituations.A.psycholinguisticsB.sociolinguisticsC.historicallinguisticsD.generallinguistics9.()For__________,thinkingwasasystemofmovementsthathadbeenreducedfromactualspeechtothepointwheretheywerenolongervisible.A.WatsonB.PlatoC.AristotleD.Bloomfield10.()Themeaningofawordorphrasedependslargelyonthecommunicative__________.A.contentB.contextC.responseD.answerII.Directions:Fillintheblanksineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%×10=10%)11.Languageisasystemconsistingoftwos__________ofstructures,ortwolevels.12.Englishisani__________language.13.Theaffixesoccurringatthebeginningofawordarecalledp__________.14.Wordsandphrasesareorganizedaccordingtothesyntacticc__________.15.P__________structurerulesallowustobetterunderstandhowwordsandphrasesformsentences,andsoon.16.P__________canbedefinedasthestudyofhowspeakersofalanguageusesentencestoeffectsuccessfulcommunication.17.Mostoftheviolationsofthefourmaximsgiverisetoc__________implicatures.18.Manylanguageshavesetsoflexicalitemssimilarinmeaningbutrankeddifferentlyaccordingtotheirdegreeoff__________.19.Thebrainisdividedintotworoughlysymmetricalhalves,calledh_________,oneontherightandoneontheleft.20.Whenwelisten,thewordisheardandcomprehendedviaW__________area.Ⅲ.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandgivethecorrectversion.(2%×10=20%)21.()Inlinguistics,asinanyotherdiscipline,dataandtheorystandinadialecticalcomplementation.22.()Modernlinguisticsismostlydescriptive,butsometimesprescriptive.23.()Distinctivefeaturesarethesametoanylanguage.24.()Oneoftheclausesinacoordinatesentenceissubordinatetotheother.25.()InEnglishandmanyotherlanguages,thesubjectusuallyfollowstheverbandthedirectobjectusuallyprecedestheverb.26.()SpeechacttheorywasproposedbytheBritishphilosopherJohnAustininthelate1950s.27.()Themostvigorousandongoingchangeinthehistoricaldevelopmentofalanguageisthechangeinitsvocabulary.28.()Acreolelanguageisoriginallyapidginthathasbecomeestablishedasanativelanguageinsomespeechcommunity.29.()Aristotlesuggestedthatthoughtwasthesoul'sdiscoursewithitself.30.()SLAstandsforsecondlanguageacquisition.IV.Directions:Explainthefollowingterms,usingoneortwoexamplesforillustration.(3%×10=30%)31.designfeatures32.freemorpheme33.synonymy34.predication35.slang36.Moveα37.semanticshift38.speechcommunity39.cerebralcortex40.overtthoughtV.Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%×2=20%)41.Whyisproductivityuniquetolanguage?42.HowisSaussure'sdistinctionbetweenlangueandparolesimilartoChomsky'sdistinstionbetweencompetenceandperformance?ModelTest2I.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(2%×10=20%)1.()A__________vowelisonethatisproducedwiththefrontpartofthetonguemaintainingthehighestposition.A.backB.centralC.frontD.middle2.()Theopen,backandlongvowelis__________.A.［i:］B.［ɔ:C.［ɑ:］D.［u:］3.()Anembeddedclausefunctionsasa__________unitinitsmatrixclause.A.structuralB.grammaticalC.lexicalD.linear4.()Phrasestructureruleshave__________properties.A.recursiveB.grammaticalC.doubleD.many5.()Dialectalsynonymsaresynonymsusedindifferent__________dialects.A.personalB.regionalC.socialD.professional6.()__________resultedmainlyfromtheexpansionofthestudyoflinguistics,especiallythatofsemantics.A.PragmaticsB.PragmatismC.PhonologyD.Practicalism7.()Languagechangeisuniversal,continuousand,toaconsiderableextent__________.A.regularbutnotsystematicB.irregularandsystematicC.regularandsystematicD.irregularbutsystematic8.()Todate,about__________languagefamilieshavebeendocumentedinhistoricallinguisticliterature.A.thirtyB.fortyC.fiftyD.sixty9.()Languagedisorderresultingfromadamageto______areainthebrainrevealsword-findi