蒲螨对梨小食心虫的控制作用(英文)

ControlStudyofParasiticpyemotessp.againstOrientalFruitMoth(GrapholithamolestaBussck)ZHOUWei1,ZHONGHan-dong2,HUANGHe-ping2,DONGLi-kun2*,OUKe-fang2,LIChuan-ren11.Collageofagriculture,YangtzeUniversity,HubeiProvince,Jinzhou434100,China;2.WuhanLandscapeGardeningInstitute,HubeiProvince,Wuhan430081,ChinaAbstract[Objective]Thepaperwastostudytheparasiticabilityandfieldcontroleffectofpyemotessp.againstorientalfruitmoth(GrapholithamolestaBussck)whichcauseddamageonPhotinia.[Method]Theindoorinfectiontestandfieldcontroltestofpyemotessp.againstorientalfruitmothwascarriedout.Theparasiticabilityandactivitycharacteristicofpyemotessp.wereobserved,andtheeffectofenvironmentalfactorssuchashumidityandtemperatureontheparasiticabilityofpyemotessp.wasstudied.[Result]Pyemotessp.hadgoodcontroleffectonorientalfruitmothundertheproperconditions;thehostsearchingabilitiesofpyemotessp.weredifferentatdifferenttemperatureandhumidityconditions,humidityhadlargeimpactontheactivityofpyemotessp.,whiletemperaturehadlargeimpactontheindividualactivity.[Conclusion]Theresultshowedthatpyemotessp.hadeffectivecontroleffortonorientalfruitmoth.KeywordsPyemotessp.;Biologicalcontrol;OrientalfruitmothOrientalfruitmoth(GrapholithamolestaBussck)isaworldwidepestoffruittrees.ItmainlycausesdamageonthefruitsandyoungshootsoffruittreesinRosaceaesuchaspear,peach,plum,apricot,appleandhawthorn,whichalsoisthemainpestofplantsinRosaceaesuchasfloweringpeach,PhotiniaserrulataLindl.andPrunuscerasiferaEhrh.Thepestdamagestheyoungshootsintheformoflarva,causingalargenumberofshootswitheronthetop.Thisseriouslyaffectsthegrowthandtheornamentalvalueofornamentaltreesandshrubs.IthasseriousoccurrenceinthevalleyofYellowRiverandYangtzeRiverinChinaduringMaytoSeptember,whichhasthecharacteristicsofhiddendamage,moreoccurrenceandseriousoverlappingofgenerations,longdamagetimeandcomplexhosts,leadingtomanydifficultiesinthechemicalcontrolandsexpheromonetrapping[1-2].Pyemotessp.isaclassofnewnaturalenemysource,whichhasobviouscontroleffectonthehiddenpestssuchasbarkbeetleandstemborer,andalsohasthecharacteristicsofrapidreproductionspeedandbeingconvenientformassproduction[3-4].TakingartificiallyculturedPyemotessp.asthebio-controlmaterial,theauthorpreliminarilyexploredtheparasiticcapacityandfieldcontroleffectoftheparasiticmiteagainsttheorientalfruitmoth.1MaterialsandMethods1.1TestpestandplantPyemotessp.wasprovidedbyWuhanLandscapeGardeningInstitute,andorientalfruitmothwascollectedfromthebranchesofP.serrulatainWuhanLandscapeGardeningInstitute.1.2Experimentalmethods1.2.1DeterminationoftheinfectionabilityofPyemotessp.againstorientalfruitmoth4thinstaroflarvaeoforientalfruitmothwastakenasthetestpest.AheadoforientalfruitmothlarvawasplacedinthePetridishwiththediameterof9cm.accordingtothedifferentinoculationamountofmite,1,2,3,4,5,6and7headsofPyemotessp.wereseparatelyinoculatedineachdishwithfiverepeatsineachtreatment.Afterinoculation,thelivingstateanddeathconditionoforientalfruitmothwereobservedonceevery6h,soastoevaluatetheparasiticandlethalcapabilityofPyemotessp.againstorientalfruitmoth.1.2.2ObservationofthediffusionbehaviorofPyemotessp.Accordingtoreports,Pyemotessp.hadthehabitsofcrawlingupward.Inordertosubstantiateordisproveitshabit,thefollowingtestswerespeciallydesigned.Sixlongtubeswiththelengthof10cmweretakenandmarkerat5cminthemiddle,andthecottonplugscarryingacertainamountofPyemotessp.wereusedtoblockorifices.WhenPyemotessp.wasinoculated,No.1-3tubeswerestoodupsidedownintesttuberack(denotedastreatmentA,Pyemotessp.wasinthelowerpart),andNo.4-6tubeswerestooduprightintherack(denotedastreatmentB,Pyemotessp.wasatthetop).ThedistributionofPyemotessp.inthetubewasobservedundermicroscopeafter24h.1.2.3EffectofhumidityontheindividualactivationabilityofPyemotessp.Pyemotessp.ismainlyusedtocontrolborerpests,whichneedstoentertheborerchannelduringthesearchingprocessforhost.However,therearemuchbleedliquidsecretedbymainplantandthewastesofpestinthechannelofborerpests,causingalargerhumidityinborerchannel.Pyemotessp.isrelativelysmall,whichiseasytobeaffectedbythewaterfactorsintheborerchannelwithlargehumidity.Therefore,theeffectofindoorsurfacehumidityontheactivationabilityofPyemotessp.wascarriedout.AccordingtothemethodonstudyingthecrawlingspeedofPyemotessp.byZHANGZuo-shuang[4],thecrawlingspeedofthemiteundermoisturizingconditionwasdetermined.0,0.5,1.0,1.5and2.0mldistilledwaterwasevenlyaddedintothePetridisheswhichhadbeencoveredwithfilterpaper(diameter12.5cm)onthebottombypipettegun,andtheyweresettledasfivetreatments.WhenPyemotessp.wasinoculatedonfilterpaper,thecrawlinglinewastrackedundermicroscope,andthecrawlingtrackwasdrawn.Thelengthofcrawlingtrackwithin60swasmeasured,anditscrawlingspeedwascalculated.Eachtreatmentcontainedtenrepeats,andtheaveragevalueofcrawlingspeedundereachhumiditytreatmentwasfinallycalculated.1.2.4EffectoftemperatureontheindividualactivationabilityofPyemotessp.TherearemuchweatherswithextremelyhightemperaturesinWuhanCity,andPyemotessp.releasedinfieldisboundtobeaffectedbyhightemperature.Therefore,theauthorstudiedtheeffecto