虚拟语气高三版

装订线商丘第一高级中学2011-2012学年下学期高三英语第二轮复习学案题目：虚拟语气编制：刘征审核：陈慧英吕晗第1页共4页虚拟语气定义：虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜测建议或与事实不符的假设。虚拟语气可分为三种：（1）一般虚拟（2）混合虚拟（3）特殊句式一．一般虚拟的构成：1.对现在的虚拟：If+S.+did/weresth.,S.+would/could/should+do1)IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.2)IfIwereyou,Iwouldseizethechancetogoabroad.2.对过去的虚拟：If+S.+had+p.p,S.+would/could/shouldhave+p.p1)Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedintheexam.2)Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.3.对将来的虚拟：If+S.+did/were/shoulddo/weretodo,S+would/should/coulddosth.1)Ifyoucametomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting.2)Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.3)Ifheshouldnotcometomorrow,weshouldputoffthemeetingtillnextday.注意：虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were,should,或had,可将if省略，再把were,should或had移到从句句首，实行倒装。1)Hadwemadegoodpreparations,wemighthavesucceeded.2)Haditnotrained,wewouldhavegoneoutforawalk.3)WereIyou,Iwouldnotdosuchathing.4)Shouldhenotcometomorrow,weshouldputoffthemeetingtillnextday.二．混合虚拟：主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主句和从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。1.不同时间的虚拟：1)Ifhehadlistenedtome,hewouldnotbeintroublenow.2)Ifhehadtoldmeyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.2.虚拟与陈述的混合：1)Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewasn’tcarefulenough.2)Youshouldhavecomeearlier,butthebusleftamomentago.三．特殊句式：1.suggest,advise,recommend,propose,order,command,request,require,demand+that–clause(shoulddo/do)1)Hesuggestedthatwe(should)savemoneyforthefuture.2)Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.3)Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.注意：(insist/suggest跟虚拟句和真实句)如果suggest不表示建议，而用于其本意暗示、表明或insist不表示坚持要某人做某事时，而用于其本意坚持认为时，宾语从句都用陈述语气。判断改错:Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyou(should)beill.（×）Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.（√）Iinsistedthatyou(should)bewrong.（×）Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.（√）2.Itissuggested/advised/ordered/requested/requiredthat–clause(shoulddo/do)(主语从句)eg:Itisrequiredthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.3.在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用在suggestion,proposal,order,advice,等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。1)Myproposalisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.2)Imadeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.4.Itisnatural/necessary/strange/importantthat-clause(shoulddo/do)表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。1)It’sstrangethatheshouldhavemissedthetrain.（表竟然）2)Itisimportantthatweshouldlearnfromothers.（表理应如此）3)Itisapitythatheshouldnotgowithus.(表惊讶、不满)说课稿班级：学号：姓名：高三英语装订线第2页共4页5.wish+thatclause(did/were与现在相反)wish+thatclause(would/could/might+do与将来相反)wish+thatclause(haddone与过去相反)1)IwishIcouldgowiththemtomorrow.2)IwishIhadnevermethim.3)IwishIwereastallasyou.4)Iwishitwouldraintomorrow6.Itis(high/about)time+clause(did,shoulddo)后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。1)Itis(high/about)timewewenthome.2)Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.7.wouldrather+clause(did与现在或将来相反)；（haddone与过去相反）1)Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.2)Iwouldratheryouhadn’ttoldherthenews.8.Ifonly+clause(did/were与现在相反)((would/could/might+do与将来相反)(haddone与过去相反)“要是……就好了“1)Ifonlyhewouldcometomorrow!2)IfonlyIhadtakenheradvice!3)IfonlyIweretenyearsyounger!比较:ifonly与onlyifonlyif表示只有；ifonly则表示如果……就好了。Ifonly也可用于陈述语气。1)Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。2)Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung.当时闹钟响了，就好了。3)Ifonlyhecomesearly.但愿他早点回来.9.asif+clause(did/were与现在相反)(would/could/might+do与将来相反)(haddone与过去相反)1)ShetreatsKateasifshewereherowndaughter.2)Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.3)Simonlooksasif/thoughhenevergotasquaremeal(吃得饱),thoughhisparentsfeedhimverywell.10.without/butfor+n.=ifitwerenotfor+n./ifithadn’tbeenfor+n.(otherwise后从句同)1)Iwouldnothavepassedtheexamwithoutyourhelp.(=ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp)2)Without/Butforyourhelp,wewouldnothavemadesuchrapidprogress.3)Iwasverybusythen.OtherwiseIwouldhavehelpedyouout.11.need不必做和本不该做比较：didn'tneedtodo过去不必做某事,事实上也没做。needn'thavedone过去不必做某事,但事实上做了。1)JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,soshedidn'tneedtowalkbackhome.约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。2)JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,sosheneedn'thavewalkedbackhome.约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。(Mary步行回家，没有遇上John的车。)典型例题：Therewasplentyoftime.She________.A.mustn‘thavehurriedB.couldn’thavehurriedC.mustnothurryD.needn'thavehurried答案：D.needn'thavedone.意为本不必，即已经做了某事，而实际上不必要。mustn'thavedone用法不正确，对过去发生的事情否定性推断应为couldn'thavedone,不可能已经。mustnotdo用于一般现在时一。虚拟语气终极测评[详细分类练习]◆If型虚拟语气：1.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe_____inturn,you_____sotired.A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot2.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe_____,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome3.IfI_____you,Iwouldaskhimtostay.A.wasB.wouldbeC.wereD.am4.Everybodywouldbeveryhappyifthehotsummer_____tomorrow.A.shouldfinishB.wouldfinishC.willfinishD.mustfinish5.--Didyougotoseethefootballmatchyesterday?--No,Ididn’tfeelwell,butIwouldhavegoneifI_____.装订线第3页共4页A.didB.haveC.wouldD.had◆混合式虚拟语气6.HadWangLinreceivedsixmorevotesintheelectionofourclass,he_____ourmonitornow.A.musthavebeenB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.wouldbe7._____thedoctorrightaway,hemightbealive