第四讲简单句与并列句(句子按结构分类)

1第四讲：简单句与并列句（句子按结构分类）一．简单句的五种基本句型1.主语＋不及物动词（S+Vi）2.主语＋及物动词＋宾语(S+Vt+O)3.主语＋系动词＋表(S+LV+predicative)4.主语＋双宾动词+间宾+直宾(S+Vt+O.indir+O.dir)5.主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语(S+Vt.+O+O.compl)*特例：There+be/stand/lie/live...主语、动词（不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为____________。完整的句子一般至少包含________个基本成分，至多_________个基本成分。二．英语句子成分（一）英语句子的基本成分*简单句基本句型实例1.主语＋不及物动词Shecame．/Myheadaches.______________________________2.主语＋及物动词＋宾语ShelikesEnglish.________________________________3.主语＋系动词＋主语补语Sheishappy．_______________________4.主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语ShegaveJohnabook．______________________________2Sheboughtabookforme.______________________________________5.主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry．_______________________________________Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage._______________________________________*特例:There+beThereisabookonthedesk._____________________________________（二）英语句子的附属成分英语句子基本成分的修饰语可以是_______和________.前者是用来修饰_______的单词、短语或从句,而后者是用来修饰______词或______词以外的词的单词、短语或从句。请用横线划出下列各句中的定语并圈出它们所修饰的名词:PoorJohntotteredtowardahospitalnearby．ShelikesorangesimportedfromtheUSA.JohngaveMarymanybooks，whicharefullofillustrations．Haveyouseenthebookonthedesk?Theboyplayingoverthereismybrother.Peopletherelikesports.请用横线划出下列各句中的状语:Johnoftencametochatwithme．Johnlikesorangesverymuch．Wheneverhegetsdrunk，JohnmakesMaryveryangry．Hearingthenews,hejumpedwithjoy.Ashewasill,hedidn’tcometoclassyesterday.Sheissittingatthedesk,doingherhomework.Myfatherworkedinthisschooltenyearsago.You’dbetterstayhere.（三）英语句子的独立成分句中可以去掉的成分，去掉后不影响句子的_______。这种成分和句子的其他词没有______的关系。Examples:(圈出下列各句中的独立成分)Oh！Whatisthat！（惊叹词）Hehas，alas，failedagain．Comehere，John．（呼语）Rollon，Ocean，rollon．（四）英语句子的省略成分句中被省略的成分，虽然未说出来，却在句中表示一定的意思。请补全下列各句中省略的部分:1.（_______）Comehere．2.（______________）Goodluck！3.Somegavehimpraises，butothers（_____________）rotteneggs．4.Herunsasfastas,if(__________)not(_______)faster,you.5.(______)Hopeyoulikeit.36.JohnshouldcleantheroomtodayandPeter(______________)tomorrow.（五）英语句子的连接成分连接成分实际上是一个连词，用来连接两个或几个平行的词、短语和分句。这种连词叫做________。另一类连接成分是用来连接两个句子、且一个句子从属于另一个句子（即从句）的连词。这类连词叫__________，它们主要用于引导各种从句。一个完整的句子（主句或从句）必须包含2个到4个基本成分，此外，如果意思上有需要，还可包含一个或更多其他的句子成分。三．简单句知识的深化（一）简单句的定义与功能简单句只有一个限定动词（即只有一个主谓结构），它是最小的句子单位。主要起下列四种作用：作一种______、提出一个_______、发出一种____________以及表示一种________。Examples:Theboyhitthedog./Thedogbittheboy.____________________Thegirlreadthebooks./Thebookspleasedthegirl._______________________________Stephenapologizedatonce.___________________________Doestheshopcloseat7tonight?_______________________________Shutthedoor.______________________Whataslowtrainthisis!_________________________（二）简单句的基本词序（三）简单句的扩展成分简单句的主语、宾语可以加上一个短语（如定语）来扩展，及物动词或不及物动词也可以与其它短语（如状语）连用进行扩展。请用横线划出下列各句中的扩展成分：Thedogjumpedthroughthewindow.Heissavinguptobuyamobilephone.Abrightlittleboywithrosycheeksputthreebottlesofmilkquietlyonmydoorstepbeforeseveno’clock.HeworkedlikeamadmaninthegardenonSaturday.Theyounggirlwithlongblackhairseemstobeveryhappy.主语动词部分宾语状语（谓语）方式地点时间Iboughtahatyesterday.Thechildrenranhome.Thetaxidrivershoutedatmeangrily.Weateourmealinsilence.Thecarstoppedsuddenly.Ayounggirlwalkedconfidentlyintheroom.Theydrovehimawayinapolicecar.4（四）简单句中主语、谓语及宾语的合并*两个简单句的主语可以连词and、but、both..and、either…or、neither…nor、notonly…butalso等连词连接组成一个简单句，但应注意主语和谓语动词的一致性。请将下列每一组中的两个句子合并成一个句子：1.ThebossisflyingtoParis.HissecretaryisflyingtoParis.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.ThebossisflyingtoRome.HissecretaryisnotflyingtoRome._________________________________________________________3.ThebossmaybeflyingtoBerlin.HissecretarymaybeflyingtoBerlin._________________________________________________________________4.ThebossisnotflyingtoYork.Hissecretaryisn’tflyingtoYork.________________________________________________________________*两个简单句的宾语可由and、both…and等连词连接组成一个简单句。1.ImetJane.Imetherhusband.___________________________________________________________________2.Itwascold.Itwaswet.______________________________________________________3.Ididn’tmeetJane.Ididn’tmeetherhusband.______________________________________________________________________________*两个或两个以上限定动词也可合并为一个简单句。Wesangallnight.Wedancedallnight.________________________________________________四．并列句需把几个意思连接在一起时，可用分号或把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来，这种结构即构成一个________。（一）常用并列连词（coordinatingconjunctions）平行并列连词:____________________________________________________转折并列连词：___________________________________________________因果并列连词:____________________________________________________选择并列连词:_____________________________________________________（二）并列句的词序：并列句基本上保留了简单句的词序。主语谓语宾语连词主语动词表语Jimmyfelloffhisbikebut(he)wasn’thurt.请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。1.Hewastired.Hewenttobed._________________________________________________2.Thechildhidbehindhismother'sskirt.Hewasafraidofthedog.___________________________________________________________________________3.Hemadeapromise.Hedidn’tkeepit.5简单句与并列句巩固练习一．单选题1.Wecan'tlive_________water.A.withB.hasC.haven'tD.without2.Wemusthurry，_______wewillbelateforschool.A.andB.orC.but