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供应链与物流管理 Supply Chain Management 周伟华 Dr. Weihua Zhou 9/12/2010Dr.WeihuaZhouZhejiangUniversity1提纲Outline •供应链管理的概念 Concept of Supply Chain Management •供应链的过程观点? Process View of a Supply Chain •牛鞭效应Bullwhip Effect •CPFR •供应链契约 9/12/2010Dr.WeihuaZhouZhejiangUniversity2 上海外经贸委服务贸易处和毕博管理咨询公司,通过对上海市20家跨国贸易公司的访谈和对150家主要进出口企业的问卷调查发现,上海国际物流服务制约了跨国公司在上海的投资和贸易进出口。 这些制约主要表现在高物流成本、低物流服务水平、物流供应商竞争力较弱。 9/12/2010Dr.WeihuaZhouZhejiangUniversity3上海国际物流成本调查——采购、运输、资金筹措及结算物流成本正在稀释劳动力成本低廉所附加的采购总成本优势 中国虽有劳动力成本低的优势,但由于采购、运输、资金筹措及结算成本比美国的高出40%,使上海物流成本明显高于国外的水平,见图1。 9/12/2010Dr.WeihuaZhouZhejiangUniversity4调查中发现,上海物流费用居高不下的一个重要原因是物流周期引起的货物资金积压费用。 物流周期长而导致时间成本太高,使得跨国公司利用成本较低的劳动力资源进行生产的优势没有得到充分发挥。 国内分销网络分散也不利于产品销售。物流服务费用高造成了价格过高,影响了进出口贸易水平。 9/12/2010Dr.WeihuaZhouZhejiangUniversity5国外单位采购成本不断下降的国内单位采购成本单位成本采购量国外单位总采购成本(加物流)受制约的国内单位总采购成本(加物流)单位成本采购量单位成本国内单位物流成本国外单位物流成本采购量物流成本对总采购成本的影响9/12/2010Dr.WeihuaZhouZhejiangUniversity6什么是供应链What is a Supply Chain? 供应链举例Supply Chain Example 9/12/2010Dr.WeihuaZhouZhejiangUniversity7需要洗涤剂的顾客CustomerwantsdetergentandgoestoJewel超市JewelSupermarket第三方配送中心JewelorthirdpartyDC宝洁或其他制造商P&Gorothermanufacturer塑料生产商PlasticProducer化学物品制造商(如:石油公司)Chemicalmanufacturer(e.g.OilCompany)包装TennecoPackaging造纸厂PaperManufacturer木材厂TimberIndustry化学物品制造商(如:石油公司)Chemicalmanufacturer(e.g.OilCompany)示例:HP打印机的供应链系统 What is a Supply Chain? 9/12/2010Dr.WeihuaZhouZhejiangUniversity8供应商分销中心(欧洲代理商)总机装配(通用打印机)(FAT)印刷电路板组装与测试(PCAT)集成电路制造消费者消费者消费者分销中心(亚洲代理商)美洲经销商欧洲经销商亚洲经销商打印机箱制造供应商供应商供应商在温哥华完成供应链是什么What is a Supply Chain? •所有的阶段都包括进去, All stages involved, directly or indirectly, in fulfilling a customer request •包括生产商,供应商,运输商,仓库,零售商,客户。 Includes manufacturers, suppliers, transporters, warehouses, retailers, customers •在每家公司里,供应链包括与满足客户需求有关的所有职能部门(产品发展,市场,操作,财务,配送,客户服务部门)。 Within each company, the supply chain includes all functions involved in fulfilling a customer request (product development, marketing, operations, distribution, finance, customer service) 9/12/2010Dr.WeihuaZhouZhejiangUniversity9供应链是什么What is a Supply Chain? •客户是供应链的一个组成部分 Customer is an integral part of the supply chain •包括产品从供应商到制造商直到分销商的移动,也包括信息流资金流和产品流的双向流动。Includes movement of products from suppliers to manufacturers to distributors, but also includes movement of information, funds, and products in both directions •可能用供应网络或者供应网更加精确 Probably more accurate to use the term “supply network” or “supply web” •Typical supply chain stages: customers, retailers, distributors, manufacturers, suppliers (Fig. 1.2) •All stages may not be present in all supply chains (e.g., no retailer or distributor for Dell) 9/12/2010Dr.WeihuaZhouZhejiangUniversity10 典型的供应链Typical Supply Chains 9/12/2010Dr.WeihuaZhouZhejiangUniversity11-11采购Purchasing接受Receiving存储Storage操作Operations存储Storage生产Production配送Distribution生产商的典型供应链 Typical Supply Chain for a Manufacturer 9/12/2010Dr.WeihuaZhouZhejiangUniversity11-12SupplierSupplierSupplierStorage}Mfg.StorageDist.RetailerCustomer 典型的服务供应链 Typical Supply Chain for a Service 9/12/2010Dr.WeihuaZhouZhejiangUniversity11-13SupplierSupplierStorageServiceCustomer供应链的物流Flows in a Supply Chain 9/12/2010Dr.WeihuaZhouZhejiangUniversity11-14原材料、中间产品、产成品产能、交付计划信用、和约条款、发票零售商Retailer供应商Supplier客户Customer分销商Distributor生产商\Manufacturer客户需求、订单、数量、信用退货、返修、售后服务、回收、处置付款信息Information产品Products资金Funds信息Information产品Products资金Funds物流Logistics •物流Logistics –关于材料与信息在工厂里的移动以及在供应链里进来和出去的货物和材料的移动。Refers to the movement of materials and information within a facility and to incoming and outgoing shipments of goods and materials in a supply chain 9/12/2010Dr.WeihuaZhouZhejiangUniversity15物流Logistics 9/12/2010Dr.WeihuaZhouZhejiangUniversity11-16•机器里的移动Movementwithinthefacility•进出的货物Incomingandoutgoingshipments•Barcoding•电子数据交换EDI•配送Distribution•JIT交付JITDeliveries0214800232087768物料移动Materials Movement 9/12/2010Dr.WeihuaZhouZhejiangUniversity11-17接收RECEIVINGStorageWorkcenter操作间WorkcenterWorkcenterStorageWorkcenter存储Storage运输Shipping什么是供应链管理 What is Supply Chain Management? •管理供应链流和资产,最大化供应链的收益。 Managing supply chain flows and assets, to maximize supply chain profitability. •供应链收益是什么? What is supply chain profitability? 9/12/2010Dr.WeihuaZhouZhejiangUniversity18供应链收益是指在所有的供应链环节共享的收益。Supplychainprofitabilityisthetotalprofittobesharedacrossallsupplychainstages.供应链的目标 The Objective of a Supply Chain •昀大化全部的价值 Maximize overall value created •供应链的价值:昀终产品对于顾客的价值与供应链伙伴为满足顾客需求所付出的努力之间的差值 Supply chain value: difference between what the final product is worth to the customer and the effort the supply chain expends in filling the customer’s request •Value is correlated to supply chain profitability (difference between revenue generated from the customer and the overall cost across the supply chain) 9/12/2010Dr.WeihuaZhouZhejiangUniversity19供应链的目标 The Objective of a Supply Chain •举例:戴尔从每台电脑能得到2000块的收益。Example: Dell receives $2000 from a customer for a computer (revenue) •供应链所导致的成本(信息,存储,运输,元件,半成品)Supply chain incurs costs (informat
本文标题:04_供应链
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