新概念英语-第一册-第133-134

Lesson133Sensationalnews!•★reporter•n.记者•report：v.报道，报告：•It’sreportedthat3peoplediedinthatcrime.•据报道有3人在犯罪中死亡。•Ireportedthethefttothepolice.（告发）•我向警察告发盗窃事件•★sensational•adj.•①令人兴奋的；轰动性的•Thediscoverywassensational.•那个发现引起了轰动。•②(贬)耸人听闻的；企图追求轰动效应的•Thesensationalnewsreportdidn’thavemucheffectonthem.•那起耸人听闻的新闻报导对他们并无多大影响。•③(口)非常好；给人深刻印象的•Shelookssensationalinthatdress!•她穿那条裙子的样子真令人难忘！•★wonder•①v.感到好奇；想要知道•Iwonderwhyhehasn’tcome.•我很想知道他为什么没来。•IwaswonderingifIcouldborrowyourbicycle.•Iwonderwhy.我想知道为什么。•②v.感到惊讶（或诧异）•Shewondersathisrudeness.•她对他的无礼感到惊讶。•Ishouldn’twonderifsheiselected.•如果她当选，我不会感到惊奇。•★retire：•v.退休•retiredfrom:从…上退休•Mydadretiredfromhiscompanylastmonth.•adj.retired退休的•retiredworkers退休工人•1．Haveyoujustmadeanewfilm,MissMarsh?您刚拍完一部电影吗，马什小姐？•make可表示“作出某种举动”，其意义根据宾语而定。本句中的make可理解为“拍（摄）”。•2．makeanother,再拍一部。之后省略了film。•3．byourreporter=reported/writtenbyourreporter。•4.Iwonderwhy！=Iwonderwhysheisnotgoingtomakeanotherfilm.•（1）wonder=wanttoknow想知道；（表示疑虑）•（2）wonder后可以跟why/what/who/where/when/how等特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。Grammarinuse•需改变时态的间接陈述句•间接引语里常要改变时态，这是因为原来讲的话与转述这些话之间有一段间隔。选择哪种恰当的形式取决于转述者的着眼点。在间接引语里通常并不确切地重复讲话者说过的话。转述通常发生在过去，所以引述动词通常是过去时。因此，转述时从句的时态通常要“往回移”（backshift）。一条普遍的规则是：现在时变为过去时，过去时变为过去完成时。为过去时的情态助动词和过去完成时在转述时不变，因为不可能再往回移了。•使用间接引语主要是为了简洁、紧凑地把说话内容转述给第3者。请看下面直接引语变成间接引语时在时态等方面必须作出的相应变化：•（1）一般现在时改为一般过去时：•‘I'mthirsty,’shesaid.•Shesaid(that)shewasthirsty.她说她渴了。•（2）现在进行时改为过去进行时：•‘I'mhavingarest,’shetoldthem.•Shetoldthem(that)shewashavingarest.•她告诉他们说她当时正在休息。•（3）现在完成时改成过去完成时：•‘I'vejustmadeanewfilm,’shetoldme.•Shetoldme(that)shehadjustmadeanewfilm.•她告诉我说她刚完成一部新影片。•（4）一般将来时改成过去将来时（一般用would+动词原形）：•‘I'llhavetoaskmyhusband,’shesaid.•Shesaid(that)shewouldhavetoaskherhusband.•她说她将得去问问她丈夫。•（5）情态动词由现在时改成过去时或条件时态：•‘Icanseeyoutomorrow,’shesaid.•Shesaid(that)shecouldseemethenextday.•她说她下一天可以见我。•‘I'llhelpyou,’shesaid.•Shesaid(that)shewouldhelpme.•她说她将帮助我。•‘Imayreturnatsixo'clock,’shetoldme.•Shetoldme(that)shemightreturnatsixo'clock.•她告诉我说她可能6点钟回来。•（6）为过去时或条件时态的情态助动词不变：•‘Icouldseeyoutomorrow,’shesaid.•Shesaid(that)shecouldseemethenextday.•她说她第2天会见我。•‘IwouldcomplainifIwereyou,’shetoldme.•Shetoldme(that)shewouldcomplainifshewereme.•她告诉我说，假如她是我的话她就会抱怨的。直接引语变间接引语１）人称的变化口诀说明直接引语间接引语一随主二随宾三不变引号内的第一人称变间引后与主句主语的人称保持一致引号内的第二人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保持一致引号内的第三人称在变间引后去人称不变Shesaid,“IlikeTennis.”ShesaidthatshelikedtennisHesaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly”HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearlyShesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim”ShetoldmethatThattheywantedhelphim一随主，二随宾，三不变直接引语：直接引述别人的原话.直接引语的前后必须加引号。间接引语：转述别人的话。间接引语前后不加引号。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句直接引语与间接引语的定义2)时态的变化Hesays,‘‘Iwilldoittomorrow”Hesaysthathewilldoittomorrow.如果主句的谓语动词是现在时，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的时态无需变化如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的时态要做出相应的改变．直接引语时态间接引语时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来时过去将来时直接引语转为间接引语时，下列情况下时态不变１.直接引语若表示的是客观事实或真理时，变间接引语时时态不变．２.当引语中的时间状语表示过去某一具体时间时，谓语动词时态不需改变．直接引语变间接引语可分为三大类：1）直接引语为陈述句2）直接引语为疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句）3）直接引语为祈使句e.g.Heoftensays,“Chinaisgreat.”→Heoftensays(that)Chinaisgreat.Tomsays,“Iamastudent.”→Tomsays(that)heisastudent.Hesays,“Ileavemybookinyourroom”→Hesaid(that)helefthisbookinyourroom.陈述句:连词(that)引导，that常省略一般疑问句•Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?”•Heasked(me)whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.•Hesaid,“YouareinterestedinEnglish,aren'tyou?”•HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词say要改为ask，语序要变为陈述语序“Doyouknowmyname?”SheaskedmeIknewhername.Whether/if是否“Areyouathomeyesterday?”SheaskedmeIwasathomethedaybefore.Whether/if“Areyouready?”SheaskedmeIwasready.Whether/if“Canyouhelpme?”SheaskedmeIcouldhelpher.Whether/if直接变间语中，要注意情太动词的变化can–couldcan’t–couldn’twill–wouldmay–mightwon’t–wouldn’tgoingto–would•Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”•HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.•Iasked,“Willyoutakebusortaketrain?”•IaskedwhetherIwouldtakebusortaketrain.•“Isheallright?”Theycriedout.•Theycriedoutwhetherhewasallright.注意：大多数情况下，if,whether可以互换，但句中出现or(not),或放在介词后作连接词，只用whether。特殊疑问句•Hesaidtome，“What'syourname?”•Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.•Heaskedus,“Howmanycinemashavebeenbuiltinyourcountry?”•Heaskedushowmanycinemashadbeenbuiltinourcountry.保留特殊疑问词做为连接词语序改为陈述句语序“Whatareyoudoing?”SheaskedmeIwasdoing.what“WhydoyoulikeEnglish?”HeaskedmeIlikedEnglishwhy“Howdoesshegotoschool?”SheaskedmeShewenttoschool.how直接引语是祈使句，则改为tell/order/asksb.(not)todosth.其他变化同上。祈使句Hesaid,“Pleasecomeheretomorrow.”Theteachersaid,“Don’ttalkanymore.”Heaskedmetogotherethenextday.Theteachertoldusnottotalkanymore.nowthentodaythatdaytonightthatnightagobefore/earlieryesterdaythedaybeforelastnightthenightbeforetomorrowthenext/followingdaynext…thenext/following…直接引语中的时间状语转换规则：※直接引语中动词come在间接引语中用go:※直接引语中副词here在间接引语中用there：※直接引语中的指示代词转换规则：this变为that;these变为those本来就是that/those则不变。Practice:1)Hesaid,“Mybrotherfailedintheexam.”Hesaid____brotherhadfailedintheexam.2)HesaidtoMary,“Howisyourmothernow?”heaskedMaryhow_____motherwasthen.3)Myteachersaid,‘‘sheisagoodstudent.’’Myteachersaid____wasagoodstudent4)Hesaidtome,“I’veleftherbookinyourroom”Hetoldmethat___hadleft___bookin___room.hishershehehermyHesays,“IsTomastude