中国传统建筑-英文介绍

Chinabuildingfeatures•AncientChinesearchitecturehasalonghistorywhichcanbetracedbacktotheShangDynasty(16thcenturyBC-771BC).Ithasitsownprinciplesofstructureandlayout.Throughthelongdevelopment,manyarchitecturalwondershavebeencreatedbycleverChineselaboringpeople.•AncientChinesearchitectureismainlytimberwork.Woodenposts,beams,lintelsandjoistsmakeuptheframeworkofahouse.Wallsserveastheseparationofroomswithoutbearingtheweightofthewholehouse,whichisuniquetoChina.Asafamoussayinggoes,'Chinesehouseswillstillstandwhentheirwallscollapse.•Thespecialtyofwoodrequiresantisepsismethodstobeadopted,thusdevelopsintoChineseownarchitecturalpaintingdecoration.Coloredglazeroofs,windowswithexquisiteappliquedesignandbeautifulflowerpatternsonwoodenpillarsreflectthehigh-levelofthecraftsmen'shandicraftandtheirrichimagination.•AncientChinesearchitectureandtherelationshipbetweentheartsandcraftsofancientChinesearchitectureoveralongperiodofeffort,whileabsorbingtheothertraditionalChinesearts,especiallypainting,sculpture,plasticarts,craftsandotherfeatures,creatingarichandvariedartisticimage.•Threeaspects:Thefirstisfullofdecorativeroof,ancientcraftsmenmakefulluseofthecharacteristicsofwood,creatingwarpedroofsandroofliftoff,outofAlice,theformationofsuchabirdwingstretchingallpartsoftheroofofYanJiao•Thesecondisthebackgroundofthebuildingapplication,whichistheancientChinesepalaces,templesandotherbuildingsusedadvancedtheartofhandling•Thethirdistheuseofcolor,AncientChinesecraftsmenintheconstructionofthemostdaringuseofcolordecorationandmostadeptatusingcolor.•ThelayoutofacourtyardcomplexisalsouniquetoChina.Themainstructureislocatedonthecentralaxisofacourtwhileless-importantstructuresarelocatedtotheleftandright.Thewholelayoutissymmetrical.ComparedwithEuropeanarchitecturalstylewhichisopenandshut.•Thesceneryisdifferentineachcourtyard.Eveninmovingseveralstepswithinthecourtyard,youwillbesurprisedatthechangingofprospects.Likewisefromtheinteriorofthebuildingstheviewfromnotwowindowsisthesame.•China'sancientarchitectureandtherelationshipbetweenyinandyangfengshui,saidtheChinesenationestablishedbyobservationandreflectionofaphilosophicalideaswhichfengshuiinfluenceofancientChinesearchitectureisverygreat.•Fengshuigivespeoplemanysuggestionsonhowandwheretobuildhouses.Forexample,housesshouldhavetheirbackstothenorthandfrontstothesouth.Becausewhentheyfacesouth,housescaneasilyabsorbsunshineandavoidcoldnorthwindsinwinter.Thisisabenefittopeople'shealth.•Fengshuihasstrictrequirementsontheproperpositioningofthecentralaxisinbuildingcities.Generallyspeaking,thecentralaxisshouldrunfromnorthtosouth,withitsnorthendpointingdirectlytoamountainrunningfromeasttowest.Themountainisregardedastheguardianofthecity.Awindingriveraroundthecityisbelievedtobeanauspiciousfeature.TheForbiddenCitywasbuiltstrictlyabidingbytheserules.ChineseArchitectureStyles•NextpartwillprovideyouwithdetailedinformationaboutdifferentkindsofChinesearchitecture.Chineseancientarchitecturehasitsownuniquestyleintheworldarchitecture.Therearevariousarchitecturestylessuchaspalace,tower,temple,gardenwhichcanbegenerallygroupedintoimperialarchitecture,religiousarchitecture,gardenarchitectureandgeneralarchitecture.NextGavinTraditionalChineseArchitectureincludingallkindsofform。Forinstance,Palace（宫）,Hall（殿）,OrnamentalPillar(华表），GlazedTile(琉璃瓦），StoneLions(石狮），Pavilions(亭）andsoon.Next,IwillintroduceSeveralfamouslandscapearchitecture.ThePalaceMuseum(故宫）andTheSummerPalace（颐和园）中国皇家园林ThepalacemuseumislocatedinthecenterofBeijing.ItwasestablishedonthebasisoftheForbiddenCity,apalaceoftheMingandQingdynasties(1368-1840),andtheircollectionoftreasures.TheForbiddenCityusedtobetheimperialpalaceoftheMingandQingdynasties.Itisnearly600yearsold.Itcovers720000squaremeters.Ithasatotalof9999roomspaces.TheFrontPalaceconsistschieflyofthreehalls--theHallofSupremeHarmony(Taihedian),theHallofCentralHarmony(Zhonghedian)andtheHallofPreservingHarmony(Baohedian).ThepalacemuseumThethreehalls太和殿中和殿保和殿TheHallofSupremeHarmony,theHallofCentralHarmonyandtheHallofPreservingHarmony.TheHallofSupremeHarmonyTheInnerPalacemainlyincludesthePalaceofHeavenlyPurity(Qianqinggong),theHallofProsperity(Jiaotaidian)andthePalaceofEarthlyTranquility(Kunninggong),whereemperorsandempresseslived.BehindthemistheImperialGarden.Oneachsideoftheinnerthreegreathallsaresixeasternpalacesandsixwesternpalaces.ThePalaceofHeavenlyPurity乾清宫ThePalaceofEarthlyTranquility坤宁宫慈宁宫CiNingpalaceTheImperialGarden御花园DragonChairStonelionsOrnamentalPillar华表NineDragonsScreenWall九龙壁Atlast:ThePalaceMuseumisChina'slargestmuseum.Ithousesacollectionofonemillionvaluableartworks,mostofwhichwereinthepossessionoftheimperialfamiliesoftheMingandQingdynasties.Thesearttreasuresincludepaintings,pottery,bronzewares,goldandsilverwares,embroidery,sculptures,jadewares,lacquerwaresandlacquerenamelwares.Inaddition,therearealsocourtarticles,includingjewels,accessories,clocks,medicines,furnitureandfurnishings.Itisaunique,superbbuildingcomplex,integratingtheoutstandingachievementsofancientChinesearchitecture.PartIISummerPalacelandscape