英文写作手册中文翻译

1英语写作讲义PartOneManuscriptForm第一部分文稿格式Aswearelearningtowrite,weshouldhaveaclearideaofwhatisgoodmanuscriptform.Weshoulddoeverything—writingthetitle,leavingmargins,indenting,capitalizing,anddividingwords—accordingtogenerallyacceptedrules.Wheneverwewritesomething,weshouldworkcarefully,writeneatlyandclearly,andtrytomakeasfewmistakesaspossible.Beforehandinginouressayorexercise,weshouldproofreaditonceortwice,becausewemayneedtomakesomefinalcorrectionsandchanges.Ifwealwaysworkinthisway,wearesuretomaketoprogress.当我们学习写作的时候，应该清楚地知道什么是好的文稿格式。我们应该做的每件事是——写标题，留页边距，缩进，首字母大写，并拆分单词——根据普遍接受的规则。每当我们写东西时，应该仔细，字迹工整清楚，尽可能少犯错误。在上交我们的文章或练习前，应该校对一或两次，因为我们可能需要一些最后的修正和变更。如果我们总是用这种方式工作，肯定能取得进步。Ⅰ.Arrangement2一、排版Writingincorrectmanuscriptformisveryimportant,becauseitmakesiteasytoreadwhatiswrittenandpreventsmisunderstanding.Weshouldfollowthegeneralpracticesinwritingthetitle,leavingthemargins,paragraphing,capitalizing,anddividingwords.用正确的文稿格式书写是非常重要的，因为它使文章被写的易于阅读并防止误解。我们应该按照一般惯例写题目，留页边距，分段，首字母大写，并拆分单词。Whenwewriteanessaytobereadbytheteacher,weshouldwriteoneveryotherlinesothattherewillberoomforcorrections.Itisnecessarytoleaveamarginofabouttwocentimetersatthetopandthebottomofthepage,andoneofacentimeterandahalfontherightandleftside.当我们按照老师阅读的要求写一篇文章时，应该隔行书写以便于有改正的空间。必须在页面顶端和底部留出大约两厘米，右侧和左侧分别留出1.5厘米的页边距。Wecannotmaketherightmarginstraightorneat,unlessweareusingacomputer,butweshouldneverwritetotheveryedgeofthepage.Whenthespaceleftneartheendofalineisnotorbarelyenoughforthewordwearegoingtowrite,weshouldwritethewordonthenextlineordividethewordifitisalongone.There3mustbeablankspaceontherightsideofthepage.我们不能使右边距整齐，除非正在用电脑，但绝不该写到页边缘。当接近行尾，剩下的空间不够或勉强够写一个长单词，应该写在下一行或拆分单词。页面右侧肯定有一处空白。Thetitleortopicoftheessayshouldbeplacedinthemiddleofthefirstline.Everywordofthetitle(includingwordsfollowinghyphensincompoundwords)shouldbecapitalized.Exceptarticles,shortprepositions,coordinatingconjunctions(and,or,but,so,yet,nor,andfor)andtoininfinitives.Butifoneofthesewordsisthefirstorlastwordofthetitle,itshouldbecapitalized.Topicsaregenerallynounphrases(nounswiththeirmodifiers),thoughotherformsarepossible.Nofullstopshouldbeusedattheendofatitle.Aquestionmarkisneededifthetopicisadirectquestion(butanindirectquestionisnotfollowedbyaquestionmark).Thetitleofabookwithinthetopicshouldbeunderlined(italicizedinprinting),andthetitleofanarticleputbetweenquotationmarks.文章的标题或主题应该在第一行居中。标题的每个单词（包括复合词中连字符后的单词）应该首字母大写。冠词、简短介词、并列连词（and,or,but,so,yet,nor和for）和不定式中的to除外，但如果是标题的第一或最后一个单词，应该首字母大写。主题一般是名词短语（名词加修饰词），不过可能有其他形式。标题结尾应该不用句点。如果主题是一个直接问句需要加问号4（但间接问句不能跟问号）。主题中包含书名应该强调（斜体印刷），文章的标题应该放到引号中间。Belowaresomeexamples:下面是一些例子：MyImpressionsofBeijing北京印象TheWallBetweenWhereDoAlltheNewWordsComeFrom？所有生词从何而来？WhatTraditionsMeantotheChinese什么习俗对中国人很重要AClean,Well-LightedPlace一个干净、明亮的地方DifferentViewsonJaneEyre对简•爱的不同见解InterpretationsofRobertFrost’s“FireandIce”解读罗伯特·弗罗斯特的“火与冰”Thefirstlineofeveryparagraphshouldbeindented(startedafteraspaceoffourorfiveletters).每段的第一行应该缩进（从四或五个字母的空格后开始）Arabicnumeralsaregenerallyusedforpaging.Theycanbeputeitherintheupperright-handcornerorinthemiddlebelowthelast5lineofeverypage.阿拉伯数字通常被用于分页。它们被放到每页的右上角或最后一行下方居中。Alineisneverbegunwithacomma,aperiod,asemicolon,acolon,aquestionmarkoranexclamationmark;alineneverendswiththefirsthalfofapairofbrackets,quotationmarks,orparentheses.Thehyphenthatshowsawordisdividedisputattheend,notatthebeginning,ofaline.一行从不起始于逗号、句点、分号、冒号、问号或感叹号；从不结束于上半个方括号、引号或圆括号。出现连字符的拆分词被放在行尾而不是行首。Ⅱ.WordDivision二、拆分单词Thefollowinghintsmaybehelpfultousinthedivisionofwords:下面的提示可能对我们在拆分单词时有所帮助。One-syllablewordssuchascount,healthandthoughtcannotbedivided.Wordswithtwoormoresyllablescanbedividedaccordingtotheformationofsyllables:re-peat-ed,in-sist,punc-tu-al,san-dal,de-cline,trans-la-tion.单音节词例如count,health和thought不能被拆分。有两个或更多音节的单词可以根据音节的构成被拆分：re-peat-ed,6in-sist,punc-tu-al,san-dal,de-cline,trans-la-tion。Astressedclosesyllableusuallytakesaconsonantwithit:ded-i-cate,grat-i-fy,la-bor-a-to-ry,fin-nish.一个重读闭音节通常带一个辅音字母：ded-i-cate,grat-i-fy,la-bor-a-to-ry,fin-nish。Aconsonantplus-leistreatedasasyllable:min-gle,peo-ple,no-ble,gig-gle.一个辅音字母加-le被视为一个音节：min-gle,peo-ple,no-ble,gig-gle.Asinglelettercannotbeputattheendoratthebeginningofaline:e-voke,heart-y.一个单独的字母不能被放在一行的结尾或开头：e-voke,heart-y.Atwo-letterendingshouldnotbeputatthebeginningofaline:hund-ed,hard-en.一个双字母的末音节不应被放在行首：hund-ed,hard-en.Divisionsthatmaymisleadthereadershouldbeavoided:re-ally,lay-man.可能误导读者的拆分应避免：re-ally,lay-man。Wordswithhyphensshouldbedividedonlyatthehyphen:broad-minded,broken-hearted.带连字符的单词应只从连字符处拆分：broad-minded,7broken-hearted。Two-syllablewordswithdoubleconsonantsinthemiddleareasaruledividedbetweenthetwoconsonants:strug-gle,lat-ter.双音节且中间双辅音的单词通常从两个辅音中间被拆分：strug-gle,lat-ter。Divisionofpropernamesshouldbeavoided:Dickens,Paris.专有名词的拆分应避免：Dickens,Paris。Thelastwordofapageshouldnotbedivided.Itshouldbewrittenonthenextpage.页面的最后一个单词不应被拆分，应写在下一页上。Divisionofwordsattheendsofseveralconsecutivelinesshouldbeavoided.在几个连续行结尾处的单词拆分应避免。Divisionofwordsisnotalwayseasy.Whenwearenotsure,weshouldconsultadictionary.Insomedictio