2015年考研英语

2015年考研英语SectionIUseofEnglishThoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas“related”asfourthcousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes.Thatis___1___astudy,publishedfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaandYaleUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,has___2___.Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted___3___1,932uniquesubjectswhich___4__pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.Thesamepeoplewereusedinboth___5___.While1%mayseem___6___,itisnotsotoageneticist.AsJamesFowler,professorofmedicalgeneticsatUCSanDiego,says,“Mostpeopledonoteven___7___theirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho___8___ourkin.”Thestudy_(9)_foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.Whythissimilarityexistsinsmellgenesisdifficulttoexplain,fornow,___10___,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenvironmentsbutthereismore___11___it.Therecouldbemanymechanismsworkingtogetherthat___12___usinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends___13___”functionalKinship”ofbeingfriendswith___14___!Oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthesimilargenesseemtobeevolution___15___thanothergenesStudyingthiscouldhelp___16___whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor___17___factor.Thefindingsdonotsimplyexplainpeople’s___18___tobefriendthoseofsimilar___19___backgrounds,saytheresearchers.ThoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapopulationofEuropeanextraction,carewastakento___20___thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangers,weretakenfromthesamepopulation.1.AwhenBwhyChowDwhat2.AdefendedBconcludedCwithdrawnDadvised3.AforBwithConDby4.AcomparedBsoughtCseparatedDconnected5.AtestsBobjectsCsamplesDexamples6.AinsignificantBunexpectedCunbelievableDincredible7.AvisitBmissCseekDknow8.AresembleBinfluenceCfavorDsurpass9.AagainBalsoCinsteadDthus10.AMeanwhileBFurthermoreCLikewiseDPerhaps11.AaboutBtoCfromDlike12.AdriveBobserveCconfuseDlimit13.AaccordingtoBratherthanCregardlessofDalongwith14.AchancesBresponsesCmissionsDbenefits15.AlaterBslowerCfasterDearlier16.AforecastBrememberCunderstandDexpress17.AunpredictableBcontributoryCcontrollableDdisruptive18.AendeavorBdecisionCarrangementDtendency19.ApoliticalBreligiousCethnicDeconomic20.AseeBshowCproveDtellSectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartAText1KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsisted“kingsdon’tabdicate,theydareintheirsleep.”ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?DoesthatmeanthewritingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyle?TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchy.Whenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarised,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFrancoregime,monarchscanriseabove“mere”politicsand“embody”aspiritofnationalunity.Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchs’continuingpopularitypolarized.Andalso,theMiddleEastexcepted,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdoms(notcountingVaticanCityandAndorra).ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside.Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory—andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday–embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.AtatimewhenThomasPikettyandothereconomistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.Princesandprincesseshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.WhileEurope’smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtosurviveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchy’sreputationwithherratherordinary(ifwell-heeled)grannystyle.ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice–asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskings,notrepublicans,whoarethemonarchy’sworstenemies.21.AccordingtothefirsttwoParagraphs,KingJuanCarlosofSpain[A]usedturnenjoyhighpublicsupport[B]wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals[C]casedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals[D]endedhisreigninembarrassment22.MonarchsarekeptasheadsofstateinEuropemostly[A]owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus[B]toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality[C]togivevotermorepublicfigurestolookupto[D]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment23.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4?[A]Aristocrats’excessiverelianceoninheritedwealth[B]Theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies[C]Thesimplelifestyleoftheari