武汉大学博士英语试题

武汉大学2012级博士研究生英语试题说明：1.所有答案均写在答题纸上。2.用汉语正楷写清自己的姓名、学号、所在院系及任课教师。3.考试时间为100分钟。PartIDocumentalAnalysis15%Attention:Analyzethefollowingparagraphaccordingtotherequirementsofperspective,methodandskill,andquestions.ButastheGrandNarrativeofProgresscametodominateothervaluesandviews,itcastamalignantshadow.Theinventionoftheautomobilewasthequintessenceofprogress,butitleftovercrowdedhighways,airpollution,anddeforestationinitswake.Fertilizersincreasedcropproductionbutalsoincreasedthegrowthofalgaeinlakesandcanals.Thediscoveryofpowerfulinsecticides--firstgreetedwithenthusiasmandaNobelPrize--wasfollowedbytheunintentionalpoisoningoffish,birds,andanimals.Nuclearpowerplantsincreasedavailableenergybutledtostorageproblems,life-threateningcontamination,andatleastoneaccidentwithworldwiderepercussions.Thewasteproductsoftechnologicallivingbegantochokegreatcitiesandfoulonce-pristinelands.AlthoughWesternhousing,clothing,andreligionwerebroughttoaboriginalpeople,andtherateofinfectiousdiseasewentdown,therateofalcoholism,drugaddiction,suicide,andspouseandchildabusewentup.PartIIArticleAnalysis15%Attention:Fillthechartaccordingtotherequirementsbasedonyourunderstandingofthefollowingarticle.1.Weliveintimesthatareharshbutexciting,whereeveryoneagreesthatwearemovingtoanewlevelofcivilization.Principles,values,waysoflife,willnolongerbethesame;butasyetwearenotreallyreadyforthesechanges;wearefacedwithinventingthefutureandalsobringingitintooperation,progressively;wemakeexperimentsandwefrequentlymakemistakes;butwearebeginningtoknowwhatwewantwhenwetalkofjustice,freedomanddemocracy.Thescientificandtechnologicalcommunityisdirectlyinvolvedinthequestionsthatarise.Followingthoseofourgeneration,thedemandsofyourgenerationwillcontinueuntiltheseaimshavebeenatleastpartiallyachieved.2.Theclosenessofscientificproblemstopoliticalproblemsissuchthatscientificworkersarenot,farfromit,protectedfromsocio-economicvicissitudes.Somuchsothattheysometimesexpressthesameneedsasallotherworkersandjointheminthiscontext;buttheyalsocallforspecificmeasures.Likeeveryoneelseweneedfreedombutweespeciallyneedfreedomofexpressionforourscientificandtechnologicalideas;weneedthisevenifitisonlytoputthemforwardforcriticism.Wedon'taskforanyparticularprivilegebutwewouldliketheeffortsmadetobeevaluatedattheiractualworth,intheinterestsofsociety.3.Ifourfederationissoactiveinworkingforastatementoftherightsandresponsibilitiesofscientificworkers,itisbecausewewishtoresolvethisprobleminawayappropriatetomostcountries.4.Soyouwillcertainlyplayanimportantpartinsociety,evenifthisisnotalwaysreadilyrecognizedbysociety,becausescientificandtechnologicalknowledgeandexpertisearethecontextinwhichfutureeconomic,socialandpoliticalchangeswilltakeplace.Whateveryoudo,youcannotignorethemand,whateverissaid,societywillnotbeabletoignoreyou.Youwillalsohaveadecisiveparttoplay,andperhapsanevenmoredifficultone,inthescientificandtechnologicalcommunityitself.Thewholeextensionofthiscommunityanditsinteractionwithsocietyasawholeleadsscientificworkerstogetinvolvedinallpoliticaldebates,crisesanddecisions.Youwillhavetonotetheessentialdemandsofscienceassuch;itisnotsimplyamatterofprotectingsocietyfromunacceptableconsequences;onemustalsoprotectscientificactivityfrompoliticalandfinancialmeddling.5.Itisvitaltosafeguardthebasichonestyofscience,thehonestythatisbasictoitsmethod.Whenever,inthehistoryofscience,thishonestyhasbeensetaside,theconsequenceshavebeenserious.Iamnotspeakingmerelyofthesuicideordisgraceofanindividualbutofthesocialandeconomicdamagearisingfromsuchlapses.Thereareworsepossibilities:atatimewhenproblemsareincreasinglycomplex,witheverwideningpoliticalimplications,weneedsciencetobetechnicallydependableandsociallycredible.Inaworldofturbulence,science'ssavinggraceisnotsimplymaterialbutliesinitsrationality.PartIIIWriting20%Attention:Writeanessayonthefollowingtopicwithsubstantialevidenceandgoodreasoning(e.g.inalinearway)inmorethan300words.HowtoWriteEnglishWellasaPhDCandidate----OnMyClassExperience