翻译中的衔接与连贯

语篇与翻译2:翻译中的衔接和连贯衔接：.汉语的零前指VS.英语代词的补足Example1我从此便整天的站在柜台里，专管我的职务。虽然（我）没有什么失职，但（我）总觉得有些单调，有些无聊。掌柜是一副凶脸孔，主顾也没有好声气，教人活泼不得；只有孔乙己到店，（我）才可以笑几声，所以（我）至今还记得。（《孔乙己》）分析：汉语主题显著/零前指译成英语时候，适当补充主语，构建英语句型，成了不可缺少的步骤FromthenonIstoodalldaybehindthecounter,fullyengagedwithmyduties.AlthoughIgavesatisfactionatthiswork,Ifounditmonotonousandfutile.Ouremployerwasafierce-lookingindividual,andthecustomerswereamoroselot,sothatitwasimpossibletobegay.OnlywhenKongYijicametothetaverncouldIlaughalittle,thatiswhyIstillrememberhim.Example2凭窗站了一会儿，微微地觉得凉意袭人。转过身来，忽然眼花缭乱，屋子里的别的东西，都隐在光云里。Standingatthewindowforawhile,Ifeltabitchill.AsIturnedround,myeyessuddenlydazzledandcouldnotseethingsdistinctly.Everythingintheroomwasblurredbyahazeoflight.连贯：汉语句群中很多时候没有逻辑标记，读者自己可以领会其中的逻辑关系，译成英语需要逻辑词，将潜在的逻辑关系表面化Example1:当前最重要的任务是发展国民经济，提高人民生活水平。为了实现这一目标，我们必须改革旧的经济体制，进一步解放生产力；我们应当向世界敞开大门，学习其他国家的先进的科学和技术。只要我们坚持改革开放政策，就一定能把我国建设成为强大的社会主义国家。Ourprimarytaskatpresentistodevelopnationaleconomyandpromotethelivingstandardsofthepeople.Therefore,wemustreformtheoldeconomicsystemsoastofurtherliberateproductiveforces.Moreover,weshouldbeopentotheoutsideworldsothatwecanlearnadvancedscienceandtechnologyfromothercountries.AndwecansuretoturnChinaintoapowerfulsocialistcountrysolongaswesticktothereformandopeningpolicy.为了逃避那一双双熟悉的眼睛，释放后经人介绍他来到湖南南县一家木器厂做临时工。Inordertoavoidthosefamiliareyes,hedidn’treturntohishometownafterhewasreleased,butfoundanoddjobinafurniturefactorythroughintroductioninNanxianCounty,HunanProvince,朱自清《背影》我与父亲不相见已二年余了，我最不能忘记的是他的背影。那年冬天，祖母死了，父亲的差使也交卸了，正是祸不单行的日子，我从北京到徐州，打算跟着父亲奔丧回家。到徐州见着父亲，看见满院狼藉的东西，又想起祖母，不禁簌簌地流下眼泪。父亲说，“事已如此，不必难过，好在天无绝人之路！”回家变卖典质，父亲还了亏空；又借钱办了丧事。这些日子，家中光景很是惨淡，一半为了丧事，一半为了父亲赋闲。丧事完毕，父亲要到南京谋事，我也要回北京念书，我们便同行。我与父亲不相见已二年余了，我最不能忘记的是他的背影。1.ThoughitwasovertwoyearssinceIsawmyfather,Icanneverforgetmylastviewofhisback.ItismorethantwoyearssinceIlastsawfather,andwhatIcanneverforgetisthesightofhisback.那年冬天，祖母死了，父亲的差使也交卸了，正是祸不单行的日子，我从北京到徐州，打算跟着父亲奔丧回家.英语重演绎，中文重归纳1.Thatwintermygrandmotherdied,andmyfather’sofficialappointmentwasterminated,fortroublesnevercomesingly.IwentfromBeijingtoXuzhou,togobackwithhimforthefuneral.2.Misfortunesnevercomesingly.Inthewinterofmorethantwoyearsago,grandmadiedandfatherlosthisjob.IleftBeijingforXuzhoutojoinfatherinhasteninghometoattendmygrandmother’sfuneral.到徐州见着父亲，看见满院狼藉的东西，又想起祖母，不禁簌簌地流下眼泪。WhenImetfatherinXuzhou,thesightofthedisorderlymessinourcourtyardandthethoughtofgrandmastartedtearstricklingdownmycheeks.父亲说，“事已如此，不必难过，好在天无绝人之路！”“What’spastisgone,”saidmyfather,“It’snousegrieving.Heavenalwaysleavesussomewayout.”2.“Fathersaid,“Nowthatthingshavecometosuchapass,itisnousecrying.Fortunately,Heavenalwaysleavesonawayout.”回家变卖典质，父亲还了亏空；又借钱办了丧事。这些日子，家中光景很是惨淡，一半为了丧事，一半为了父亲赋闲。Fatherpaidoffdebtsbysellingorpawingthings.Healsoborrowedmoneytomeetthefuneralexpanses.Betweengrandma’sfuneralandfather’sunemployment,ourfamilywastheninreducedcircumstances.丧事完毕，父亲要到南京谋事，我也要回北京念书，我们便同行。1.AftertheburialhedecidedtogotoNanjingtolookforaposition,whileIwasgoingbacktoBeijingtostudy,wetraveledtogether.2.Afterthefuneralwasover,fatherwastogotoNanjingtolookforajobandIwasreturntoBeijingtostudy,sowestartedouttogether.Classwork西湖上有彩带似的苏堤、白堤飘落其上。北京是中国的文化中心。这里有五十多所高等院校，还有许多全国性的研究所和艺术、科学机构。TheSuCausewaywhichrunsfromnorthtosouthandtheBaiCausewaywhichrunsfromeasttowestlookliketwocoloredribbonsfloatingontheWestLake.Astheculturalcenterofthecountry,Beijinghasmorethan50institutionsofhigherlearning,nottomentionthemanynationalresearchinstitutesandartandscienceacademies.Haveyoumettheperfectcouple?Thetwosoulmates,whoseloveneverdies?Thetwolovers,whoserelationshipisneverthreatened?Thehusbandandwife,whotrusteachothercompletely?Ifyouhaven’tmettheperfectcouple,letmeintroduceyou.Theystandatthetopoflayerbuttercreamfrosting.Thesecretoftheirsuccess?While,forstarters,theydon’thavetolookeachother.你有没有遇到过完美的一对，两个精神伴侣，他们的爱永恒依旧？两个相爱的人，关系从没遭到过威胁？丈夫和妻子，完全信任对方。如果你没有遇到这样的双方，让我来为你介绍。他们站在奶油淇淋上面，他们成功的秘密？对于新婚伴侣，那就是，他们不需正眼看对方。8.Therearesomanythingswewishwecouldtelltheyoung.We’dliketopersuadethemnottogrowsofast,buttheywon’tlisten;Wewanttotellthemthebeautyfades,buttheyrefusetobelieveit.Wewarnthemtheiractionmaycauseconsequences,butstilltheydefineus.Sadly,theyoungcan'tbegintounderstandtheworldisadangerousplace.Soit'suptoustodoanythingwecantoprotectthem...Absolutely,anything.我们有很多经验希望传递给年轻人，想说服他们，不要成熟的这么早，他们听不进去；想告诉他们，容颜会慢慢衰老，他们也拒绝相信；想警告他们，某些行为会引发不良的后果，他们依然公开的违抗。悲哀的是，年轻人还不能够理解这个世界充满了危险，所以就需要我们尽可能去保护他们，绝对，尽全部可能