love-is-a-fallacy

LoveisafallacyMadeby:湖北民族学院外国语学院龚驽TeachingProceduresⅠ.WarmingupII.BackgroundinformationIII.OverallstructureofthetextIV.DetailedstudyoftextV.TextappreciationQuestions:♥Inyouropinion,what’slove?♥What’sthestandardofyouridealBF/GF？♥WhatdoUthinkofthesubjectoflogic?逻辑史话♥感谢上帝没有把我造成一个灵巧的工匠。我的那些最重要的发现是受到失败的启发而获得的。---戴维（英国）♥没有侥幸这回事，最偶然的意外，似乎也都是有必然性的。---爱因斯坦（美国）♥使人们宁愿谎言，而不愿追随真理的原因，不仅由于探索真理是艰苦的，也不仅由于真理会约束人的想像，而且是由于谎更能迎合人类某些恶劣的天性。---培根（英国）Backgrounds:MaxShulman(1919-1988)♥Americanwriter,humorist&screenwriter♥Hiswritingoftenfocusedonyoungpeople,particularlyinacollegiatesetting.♥someworksTheManyLovesofDobieGillis(mostfamous)RallyRoundtheFlag,Boys!《孩子们，团结在旗帜的周围吧！》TheFeatherMerchants《衣冠楚楚的商人》BarefootBoywithCheek《无礼的赤脚少年》SleeptillNoonTheZebraDerbyPotatoesareCheaperCharlesLamb（1775–1834）♥Englishessayist,bestknownforhisEassysofEliaandTalesfromShakespear♥Hisclose-knit,subtleorganization,hisself-revealingobservationsonlifeandhishumor,fantasy&pathosarecombinedtomakehimoneofthegreatmastersofEnglishessay.注：pathos['peiθɔs]n.[U](文学、人生等引起的)悲怆,怜悯,同情ThomasCarlyle(1795-1881)♥Scottishsatiricalwriter,essayist,historianandteacherduringtheVictorianera♥Carlyledevelopedapeculiarstyleofhisownwhichwascalled——“Carlylism”(卡莱尔的风格)♥writingsaremarkedbylongandirregularsentenceconstructions,neologisms,andGermanismsJohnRuskin(1819-1900)♥theleadingEnglishartcriticoftheVictorianera，alsoanartpatron,draughtsman,socialthinker&philanthropist.raccoonRaccoonRaccoonCoatCharlestonDance查尔斯登舞♥adancenamedfortheharborcityofCharleston,SouthCarolina.♥ThepeakyearfortheCharlestonasadancebythepublicwasmid1926to1927.Thepurposeofthisessay♥todemonstratethatlogic,farfrombeingadry,pedanticsubject,isaliving,breathingthing,fullofbeauty,passion,andtraumai.e.theauthorwanttoshowthatlogicmaybeaninterestingsubject.注：trauma['trɔ:mə]n.(感情等方面的)创伤MainideaThefreshmannarratorwhogoesonsmuglyboastingandsingingpraisesofhimselfatanyconceivableopportunitystrugglesagainsttwoantagonists:PeteyBurch,hisrommatewhosegirlfriendheplanstosteal;andPollyEspy,thegirlheintendstomarryaftersuitablere-education.Inordertosmartenherup,thenarratordecidestogiveheracourseinlogic.HesucceedstoowellbecausethewholethingbackfiresonhimwhenPollyrefutesallhisargumentsaslogicalfallaciesbeforefinallyrejectinghim.structure♥Part1:(paras.1-3)Thenoteofhisessay.♥Part2:(paras.4-5)Theboastingofhimselfanddowngradinghisroommate,PeteyBurch.♥Part3:(paras.6-59)Thewholeprocessofhisdeal.♥Part4:(paras.60-154)ThedateswithPolly.Title♥Thetitleofthestoryishumorousandwellchosen.♥Ithastwomeanings:(ordinarysense)Thereisadeceptiveordelusivequalityaboutlove.(takenasaspecificterminlogic)•Lovecannotbededucedfromasetofgivenpremises.•Loveisanerror,adeceptionoranemotionthatdoesn’tfollowtheprinciplesoflogic.注：deceptive：[di‘septiv]a.迷惑的,骗人的；虚伪的;欺诈的delusive：[di’lu:siv]形容词a.使迷惑的;欺瞒的deduce：[di'dju:s]vt.演绎,推论Maincharacters♥thenarratorⅠ♥myroommatePeteyBurch♥Myroommate’sgirlfriendPollyEspyⅠPeteyBurchPollyEspy↓↓↓HavearaccooncoatWantaraccooncoat↔WantthegirlHavethegirl=Available↓↓GetthegirlGettheraccoonTaughtherlotsofthingstomakehercleverenoughformeThefallaciesmentionedinthetext(1)DictoSimpliciter绝对判断♥aredeductivefallaciesthatoccurinstatisticalsyllogisms.Adictosimpliciteroccurswhenanacceptableexceptionisignoredoreliminated.Eg.Exciseisgood.Thereforeeverybodyshouldexercise.(2)HastyGeneralization草率结论♥isalogicalfallacyoffaultygeneralizationbyreachinganinductivegeneralizationbasedoninsufficientevidence—essentiallymakingahastyconclusionwithoutconsideringallofthevariables.E.g.Fred,theAustralian,stolemywallet.Thus,allAustraliansarethieves.(3)PostHoc假性因果♥Sincethateventfollowedthisone,thateventmusthavebeencausedbythisone.♥Thefallacyliesincomingtoaconclusionbasedsolelyontheorderofevents,ratherthantakingintoaccountotherfactorsthatmightruleouttheconnection.Eg.ImmigrationtoAmericafromAfericaincreased.Soonafter,thewelfarerollsincreased.Therefore,theincreasedimmigrationcausedtheincreasedwelfarerolls.(4)ContradictoryPremises矛盾前提♥drawsaconclusionfrominconsistentorincompatiblepremises.Eg.IfGodcandoanything,canHemakesastonesoheavythatHewon’tbeabletoliftit?(5)AdMisericordiam文不对题♥basedonanappealtotheemotions;alogicalfallacythatinvolvesanirrelevantorhighlyexaggeratedappealtopityorsympathy.♥alsoknownasargumentumadmisericordiamorappealfrompityormisery.Eg.WhatdoyoumeanIcan'tgetajobhere?Allmyfriendsworkhere!Thisisunfair!You'regoingtomakemecry.Howcouldyoudothistome?(6)Falseanalogy错误类比♥isafaultyinstanceoftheArgumentfromanalogy.Eg.SurgeonshaveX-raystoguidethemduringanoperation,sothestudentsshouldbeallowedtolookattextbooksduringanexamination?(7)HypothesisContrarytoFact与事实相反的假设♥Theargumentfalselyassumesthatanystateofaffairscanhaveonlyonepossiblecause.Eg.Itaughtyoulogic.So,ifIhadn'ttaughtyoulogic,youneverwouldhavelearnedlogicatall.(8)PoisoningtheWell投毒下井♥involvestryingtodiscreditwhatapersonmightlaterclaimbypresentingunfavorableinformation(beittrueorfalse)abouttheperson.♥has2forms:①Unfavorableinformation(beittrueorfalse)aboutpersonAispresented.②ThereforeanyclaimspersonAmakeswillbefalse.Eg.Don'tlis