(研究生英语多维教程熟谙)考试内容总结

研究生英语考试复习资料-1-Unit1从能力到责任Whentoday’shigh-schoolseniorsareaskedwhattheyplantodoaftergraduates,mostsaythattheyintendtogetabachelor’sdegree.Theyhavebeentoldthattheirgenerationhasonly“onewaytowin”-bygettingatleastatleastabachelor’sdegree,inthehopethatitwilleventuallyleadtoaprofessionaljob.Inarecentsurveyofhigh-schoolseniorsconductedbytheNationCenterforEducationStatistics,85percentoftherespondentssaidtheyplannedtogetabachelor’sdegree.And,although20yearsagoonly45percentofhigh-schoolgraduateswentontocollege,today68percentactuallymatriculate(注册),withthemajorityenrollinginfour-yearortwo-yearprogramsdesignedtoallowthemtransfertofour-yearinstitutions.Accordingtoconventionalwisdom,therapidriseinthenumberofstudentsattendingcollegeiscausefornationalcelebration.Butourresearchsuggeststhat,intenditmaybecausefornationalconcern.Why?Becauseformanyyoungpeople,the“onewaytowin”paradigm(例子)isnotrealistic,giventheiracademictalentsandthelabor-marketprojections.Studentsrankingbelowthetopthirdoftheirhigh-schoolgraduatingclasstoooftenfailtoearnasbachelor’sdegreeiftheyenrollincollege.Thecostofsuchfailure–inbothdollarsandunmetexpectations-isrisingandbeginningtoerodepublicconfidenceinoursystemofhigheducation.研究生英语考试复习资料-2-A:ArnoldToynbeehassaidthatallprogress,alldevelopmentcomefromachallengeandaconsequentresponse.Withoutchallengethereisnoresponse,nodevelopment,nofreedom.Sofirstweowetoourchildrenthemostdemanding,challengingcurriculumthatiswithintheircapabilities.A.德.汤说过，一切进步，一切发展均来自挑战及由此引起的反应。没有挑战就没有反应，没有发展，没有自由。所以，我们首先应该在我们孩子的能力允许的范围内为他们开设最严格最富有挑战性的课程。B:Thesecondopportunitywecangiveourboysandgirlsistherighttofailure.“Freedomisnotonlyaprivilege,itisatest,”writesDeNouy.Whatkindofatestisit,whatkindoffreedomwherenoonecanfail?ThedayispastwhentheUnitedStatescanaffordtogivehighschooldiplomastoallwhositthroughfouryearsofinstruction,regardlessofwhetheranyvisibleresultscanbediscerned.Weliveinarrowedworldwherewemustbealert,awaketorealism:andrealismdemandsastandardwhicheithermustbemetorresultinfailure.Thesearehardwords,buttheyarebrutallytrue.Ifwedepriveourchildrenoftherighttofailwedeprivethemoftheirknowledgeoftheworldasitis.B.我们可以向我们的孩子提供第二个机会是允许他们有失败的权力。德.纽伊写道：“不仅是一种特权，也是一种考验。”如果没有人可以研究生英语考试复习资料-3-失败，那它算什么考验，算什么自由呢？美国可以向所有在高中读者完四年课程而不管其是否取得任何明显收获的学生发放毕业文凭的日子已经一去不复返了。我们现在生活在一个外变得很狭隘的世界里，们必须同对现实保持警觉，有所认识；而现实主义要求树立一个要么成功要么失败的标准。这些话听起来很刺耳，但都是残酷的事实。如果我们剥夺了孩子的失败权力，实际上我们就剥夺了他们如实地认识世界的机会。1、当今的大学生，尽管他们努力地想使自己成才，但对未来还是很模糊的。（establishoneself）Today'suniversitystudentsarestrugglingtoestablishthemselves,buttheystillhaveambiguousfeelingsabouttheirfuture.2、一个人如果不能找到自我以外的中心，就不能实现他的自我价值。所以，理想的本科教育必须使学生超越自我。（transcend）Amancannotfindhimselfwithoutfindingacenterbeyondhimself.Sotheidealismoftheundergraduateexperiencemusthelpthestudenttranscendhimself.3、我们强烈地希望在大学所学到的知识在今后的工作与学习中能起到重要的作用。（revealoneself）Weeagerlyhopethatthelessonsleanedintheuniversitywillrevealthemselvesinourperformanceintheworkplaceandfurthereducation.研究生英语考试复习资料-4-4、四年的本科学习是走向成功生活的唯一道路，这种说法是无法接受的。（gounchallenged）Itcannotgounchallengedtosaythatthe4-yearundergraduateexperienceistheonlypathtosuccessinlife.5、在对一个关键的问题作结论时，如果只相信所谓专家而不相信自己，不根据调查的结果，不根据实验的数据，那是在冒险。（runtheriskof;blindfaithin）Weruntheriskofmakingcriticaldecisions,notonthebasisofwhatweknow,thefindingsofinvestigations,andthedataofexperiments,butonthebasisofblindfaithinprofessedexperts.6、我们的事业需要一批受过良好教育又能关心他人的年轻人，他们能团结一致，相互学习，积极参加四化建设。（bandtogether;participatein）Ourtaskneedsalargegroupofwell-informed,caringyoungpeoplewhocanbandtogether,learnfromeachother,andactivelyparticipateinthefourmodernizations.7、如果这所新学校要有生命活力的话，它培养的学生不仅要有扎实的基础和熟练的专业技能，还要有奉献精神。（betoendure;commitoneself）Ifitistoendure,thenewschoolshouldhelpthestudentsnotonlyacquireasoldbasiceducationandbecomecompetentin研究生英语考试复习资料-5-aspecificfield,butalsobereadytocommitthemselvestoothers.8、如果大学生对考试过于投入，就有可能把能力与奉献放到次要地位，这样说一点也不过分。（pushtothefringes）Itisnottoomuchtosaythatifundergraduatesexcessivelydevotethemselvestoexaminations,thewillpushcompetenceandcommitmenttothefringes.9、我甚至没有跟他说话，当然更不用说与他讨论有关你们学校的改建问题。（muchless）Ididn’tevenspeaktohim;muchlessdiscussthereconstructionofyourschoolwithhim.10、有人认为考试是很重要的，但也有人认为考试有不少弊端。所以考试留下了一个我能解决的问题——考试对教育有什么影响？（openquestion）Somepeoplethinkexaminationsaresecondtonone,butsomethinkexaminationshavealotofdisadvantages.Examinationsleaveusanopenessentialquestion---whatinfluencedoexaminationsexertoneducation?Unit2家庭企业：下一代的前景Asmallfamily-ownedcompany,Eisai,wasoneoftheoriginalmanufacturersofvitaminE,anditmaintainedastrongresearchcommitmenttonaturalpharmaceuticals.Overtheyears,itdeveloped研究生英语考试复习资料-6-drugsforthetreatmentofcardiovascular,respiratory,andneurologicaldiseases.Thecompanyexperiencedsteady.Modestgrowth,andin1992salesreached197billionyenandprofitsapproached13billionyen.Althoughitwasthesixth-largestJapanesepharmaceuticalcompany,Eisaiwasarelativelysmallplayerinanindustryinwhichglobalcompetitionwasincreasingwhilegrowthinthedomesticmarketwasslowingdown.In1993,HaruoNaitotookoveraspresidentfromhisfather.Beforethat,hehadchairedEisai’sfive-yearstrategicplanningcommittee