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第十章醇和醚1、(1)2-戊醇2°(2)2-甲基-2-丙醇3°(3)3,5-二甲基-3-己醇3°(4)4-甲基-2-己醇2°(5)1-丁醇1°(6)1,3-丙二醇1°(7)2-丙醇2°(8)1-苯基-1-乙醇2°(9)(E)-2-壬烯-5-醇2°(10)2-环己烯醇2°(11)3-氯-1-丙醇1°2、(2)>(3)>(1)3、按形成氢键多少和可否形成氢键排列:(4)>(2)>(1)>(3)>(5)4、(1)①Br2②AgNO3(醇)(2)用卢卡试剂(ZnCl+HCl),反应速度:3°>2°>1°(3)用卢卡试剂(ZnCl+HCl),α-苯乙醇反应快。5、分别生成:3-苯基-2-丁醇和2-甲基戊醇6、只给出主要产物(1)CH3CH=C(CH3)2(2)(CH3)2C=CHCH2OH(3)C6H5-CH=CHCH3(4)C6H5-CH=CHCH(CH3)2(5)CH3CH=C(CH3)C(CH3)=CHCH37、(1)对甲基苄醇>苄醇>对硝基苄醇(2)α-苯基乙醇>苄醇>β-苯基乙醇8、提示:在反应过程中,形成烯丙基正离子,因而生成两种产物。10、(反应式略)(1)CH3CH2CH2MgBr+CH3CHO或CH3MgBr+CH3CH2CH2CHO(2)CH3MgBr+CH3COCH2CH3或CH3CH2MgBr+CH3COCH3(3)CH3CH2MgBr+C6H5-CHO或C6H5-MgBr+CH3CH2CHO(4)CH3MgBr+C6H5-COCH3或C6H5-MgBr+CH3COCH3CH3OHHCHOCH3CH(OH)CH2CH3CH3CHBrCH2CH3CH3CHCH2CH3CH3CHCH2CH3CH2OMgBrCH3CHCH2CH3MgBrCH2OH[O]PBr3Mg干醚干醚HCHOOH3+(1)11、[O]PBr3Mg干醚干醚OH3+(2)CH3CH2CH2OHCH3CH2CH2MgBrCH2CH(OH)CH3CH3COCH3CH3CH2CH2MgBrCH3CH3CH2CH2CH3OHCH3CH3CH2CH2CH3OMgBrHCHO干醚OH3+CH3CH2CH2OHCH3CH2MgBr++CH3CHOCH3MgBrCH3CH(OH)CH3(3)干醚OH3+(CH3)2CHCHCH(CH3)2OMgBr[O]PBr3Mg干醚干醚OH3+(CH3)2CHCH2OH(CH3)2CHCHOOH(CH3)2CHCHCH(CH3)2(CH3)2CHCH=C(CH3)2(CH3)2CHOH(CH3)2CHMgBr(CH3)2CHMgBrH+△-H2O(4)(5)①Cl2,500℃②H2O,NaOH③HOCl④H2O,NaOH⑤3HNO3Mg干醚干醚OH3++H+△-H2OCH2CH3CH=CH2CH2CH2BrCH2CH2MgBrCH2CH2C(OH)(CH3)2CH2CH=C(CH3)2CH3COCH3水合氧化CH3CH=CH2AlCl3-H2催化ROORCH3COCH3CH2=CH2BrH(6)13、只给出提示(反应式略):(1)①PBr3②Mg/干醚③环氧乙烷④H2O(2)①CH3CH2CH2Mg,干醚②H3O+③–H2O/H+,△④硼氢化氧化(3)①C2H5Cl/AlCl3②NaOH③CH3I④CH3CH2CH2COCl/AlCl3⑤LiAlH4(4)选1,3-丁二烯和3-丁烯-2-酮①双烯合成②CH3Mg③H3O+④H2/Ni14、该醇的结构式为:(CH3)2CHCH(OH)CH315、原化合物的结构式为:CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3或CH3CH2CH2CH2OH(反应式略)16、A:(CH3)2CHCHBrCH3B:(CH3)2CHCH(OH)CH3C:(CH3)2C=CHCH3(反应式略)CH2OHCH3CH3CH3CH3CH2+CH3CH3CH3C+CH2CH3CH3CH3CCH3CHCH3CH3COCH3CH3CHOH+-H2O-H+①O3②Zn/H2O+重排17、18、A:CH3CH2CHBrCH(CH3)2B:CH3CH2CH=C(CH3)2C:CH3CH=CHCH(CH3)2D:CH3CH2CHOE:CH3COCH3(各步反应式略)19、(1)CH3OCH2CH2CH3甲丙醚(甲氧基丙烷)C2H5OC2H5乙醚(乙氧基乙烷)CH3OCH(CH3)2甲异丙醚(2-甲氧基丙烷)(2)CH3OCH2CH2CH2CH3甲丁醚(甲氧基丁烷)CH3OCH(CH3)CH2CH3甲仲丁醚(2-甲氧基丁烷)CH3OCH2CH(CH3)2甲异丁醚(1-甲氧基-2-甲基丙烷)CH3OC(CH3)3甲叔丁醚(2-甲氧基-2-甲基丙烷)CH3CH2OCH2CH2CH3乙丙醚(乙氧基丙烷)CH3CH2OCH(CH3)2乙异丙醚(2-乙氧基丙烷)21、(只给出主要产物,反应式略)(1)CH3OCH2CH2CH3+NaI(2)CH3CH2OCH(CH3)CH2CH3+NaBr(3)CH3CH2C(CH3)2OCH2CH2CH3+NaCl(4)(CH3)2C=CH2+CH3CH2CH2OH+NaCl+OCH2CH3O2NOCH2CH3NO2OHCH3I(5)+(6)22、只给出提示(反应式略):(1)制取乙二醇二甲醚:①乙烯O2/Ag,△②2CH3OH制取三甘醇二甲醚:①乙烯O2/Ag,△②H2O,H+③环氧乙烷④环氧乙烷⑤2CH3OH/H2SO4,△(2)①O2/Ag,△②NH3③环氧乙烷(3)①O2/Cu,加压、△制得甲醇②–H2O(4)①直接或间接水合制异丙醇②–H2O(5)从苯出发:①Cl2/Fe②HNO3+H2SO4③Na2CO3④CH3Br其中CH3OH+HBr→CH3Br+H2O(6)①由CH2=CH2→CH3CH2MgBr②由CH2=CH2→环氧乙烷③由①和②→CH3CH2CH2CH2OH④–H2O23、因分子中含有羟基越多则形成分子间氢键越多,沸点越高。乙二醇二甲醚不能形成分子间的氢键,因而沸点是三者中最低的25、该化合物的结构式为:CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH3(有关反应式略)26、此化合物为:CH3(CH2)4-O-CH2CH3CH3OHOH+CH3OH+CH2CH2OHCH3OCH2CH2OH-H++(1)28、CH3OCH2CH2OHCH3O-OCH3OCH2CH2OH+++(2)第十一章酚和醌1、(1)间甲苯酚(2)4-乙基-1,3-苯二酚(3)2,3-二甲基苯酚(4)2,4,6-三硝基苯酚(5)邻甲氧基苯酚(6)对羟基苯磺酸(7)1-甲基-2-萘酚(8)9-蒽酚(9)1,2,3-苯三酚(10)5-甲基-2-异丙基苯酚(11)5-硝基-1-萘酚(12)β-氯蒽醌OHNO2OHNH2OCH2COOHClClOHBrBrBrOHCOCH3OH(CH3)3CC(CH3)3C(CH3)3OOSO3NaOOSO3HHO3SOHOHOOCH3CH3OHOHONOH(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)2、OHCH3CH3O+++FeCl36H+Cl-633-6Fe(1)3、OHCH3OHCH3BrBr+Br2/H2O(2)OHCH3ONaCH3+NaOH(3)OHCH3OCOCH3CH3+CH3COCl(4)OHCH3OCOCH3CH3+(CH3CO)2)O(5)OHCH3OHCH3NO2OHCH3O2N++HNO3(稀)(6)(主)(次)OHCH3OHCH3ClCl+Cl2(过量)(7)OHCH3OHCH3SO3HOHCH3HO3S++H2SO4(浓)(8)(主)(次)OHCH3OCH3CH3ONaCH3+NaOH(CH3)2SO4(9)OHCH3OHCH3HOH2CONaCH3CH2OH++HCHOH+OH-或(10)(主)(次)4、①FeCl3②Na6、在苯酚分子中引入吸电子基可使酸性增强,其中邻、对位的酸性大于间位,所以酸性由大到小的顺序为:2,4-二硝基苯酚>对硝基苯酚>间硝基苯酚>苯酚9、(1)以苯为原料:①浓硫酸(磺化)生成间苯三磺酸②NaOH,△(碱熔)③H+(2)以苯为原料:①C2H5Cl,AlCl3②浓硫酸(磺化)生成4-乙基-1,3-苯二磺酸③NaOH,△(碱熔)④H+(3)苯:①磺化,②NaOH,△(碱熔)③H+④HNO2(4)由上制得苯酚钠,再加C2H5I即可。(5)①由上得苯酚②Cl2,△③Cl2,△制得2,4-二氯苯酚④NaOH⑤CH2ClCOOH(6)①由上制得苯酚钠②CH3I③硝化OHNOHNO2C(CH3)3(H3C)3C同(3)(8)OHC(CH3)3(H3C)3C2(CH3)2C=CH2H2SO4HNO3(9)①制取苯酚②磺化→对羟基苯磺酸③Cl2④H1O,H+,△(10)①制取苯酚②C2H5Cl,AlCl3③Br2,FeCl310、12、该化合物结构式为:OHOHOOOHOHOO或或(A)(B)OHOCH3(A)(B)CH3I(C)13、
本文标题:第十章醇和醚2
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