第四单元词汇

1新课程高一英语学案Unit4EarthquakesWrittenbyWangNaRevisedbyWangShuminPartoneWordsandexpressionsI.Learninggoalsforvocabulary:1.Thestudentscanreadthewordsfluently.2.Learntheboldwordsbyheartandlearntousethemfreely.II.Learningprocess:1.rightaway立刻，马上1.I’llreturnthebooktoyourightaway.我会马上还书给你。2.Ifwarbreaksout,weshallbecalleduprightaway.如果战争爆发，我们将立即被征召服役。“立刻，马上”的短语：rightaway，rightnow，atonce，immediately，innotime【练习】中译英不要担心，她马上就来。_____________________________________________________________答案:Don’tworry;shewillbehererightaway.2.burstv.&n.(burst,burst)爆裂,爆发,突然破裂1.Theredballoonsuddenlyburst.那个红色的气球突然爆了。2.Thepoliceburstthroughthedoor.警察破门而入。3.Onhearingthenews,LeslieburstintolaughterwhileTracyburstoutcrying.一听到这则消息，Leslie突然大笑，而Tracy则突然大哭起来。4.Aburstofhand-clappingfollowedtheendingofthesong.歌声结束后响起了一阵掌声。burstintolaughter=burstoutlaughing突然大笑(burstintosth.突然爆发)burstintotears=burstoutcrying突然大哭（burstoutsth./doingsth.突然开始做某事）【练习】中译英1.水管在寒冷的天气里经常冻裂。________________________________________________________________2.太阳突然从云端里露出来。________________________________________________________________答案:1.Water-pipesoftenburstincoldweather.2.Thesunburstthroughtheclouds.3.asif=asthough仿佛……;好像……1)可以引导方式状语从句2)在look,seem,后引导表语从句。从句可以是真实的也可以是虚拟的情况。1.asif=asthough引导方式状语从句Eg.1）Shespoketomeasifsheknewme.她和我说话的神情，好像她早就认识我似的。2）Irememberitasifithappenedyesterday.我记住这件事，仿佛是昨天发生的。2.asif在look,seem后引导表语从句1)Itseemedasifthemeetingwouldneverend.看起来会议没完没了。（虚拟的）2)Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看起来天要下雨了。（真实的）4.atanend结束，终结（=finished）2Thewarwasfinallyatanend.战争终于结束了。Itseemedthattheworldwasatanend!世界似乎到了末日。与end搭配的常用短语attheendof在……末尾端bytheendof在……末为止intheend最后，终于makeendsmeet收支相抵endupwith以...结束，强调方式endupin最终……,强调结果【练习】用end相关短语填空。1.HowmanyEnglishwordshaveyoulearned____________lastterm?2.Hebecameanoutstandingdoctor___________.3.MyunclewillflytoChina_________thisweek.4.Hisincomeaddeduptonomorethan$500,sohetriedhardto____________.5.Theclassoften______________abeautifulsong.6.Ifyoucontinuetosteal,you’ll_________prison.Keys:1bytheendof2intheend3attheendof4makeendsmeet5.endsupwith6endupin5.ruinv.&n.毁灭，使破产，遗迹，废墟（名词时常用复数）可以表客观的毁灭也可以表示抽象的毁灭1.Thehurricaneruinedallthehouseshere.飓风使这里所有的房屋成为废墟。2.Heruinedhisprospectsbycarelessness.他因疏忽大意而断送了前途。（抽象）[重点短语]beinruins严重受损，破败不堪fallintoruin变成废墟cometoruin毁灭，落空ruinoneself自我毁灭bringsb.toruin使毁灭【练习】中译英1.那建筑物已成断壁残垣。______________________________________2.那教堂已破败不堪。______________________________________答案:1.Thebuildingisinruins.2.Thechurchhasfallenintoruin.6.injurevt.损害，伤害1.Youwillinjureyourhealthbysmokingtoomuch.吸烟太多会损伤你的健康。2.Iwasinjuredinastreetaccident.我在一次车祸中受了伤。辨析injure,wound与hurthurt一般用语，即可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神和情感方面的伤害。injure比hurt正式，一般指由于意外或事故而受伤，很少指精神方面的伤害。wound指外伤，如枪伤、刀伤、剑伤等，尤指在战争中受伤。【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1.Thesoldierwas______inthearminthewar.2.Shewas_______slightlyinanaccidentduringthework.3.Iwasverymuch_______athiswords.答案:1.wounded2.injured3.hurt7.destroyvt.破坏，毁坏，消灭1.Firedestroyedtheforest.大火烧毁了森林。2.Allhishopesweredestroyed.他的希望都破灭了。3.Thecitywasdestroyedduringthewar.这座城市在战争中被摧毁了。辨析destroy/ruin/damagedamage指不彻底地破坏，只是使其不能发挥正常作用；destroy指十分彻底地破坏，其后果不能或很难修复；而ruin指彻底摧毁一件事物，特别是摧毁美好、珍贵的事物，并使其无法修复。destroy可接物，3也可接人；而damage通常接物。Thebuswasbadlydamagedwhenithitthewall．大客车撞到墙上，损坏得很厉害。Hehateshislittlesisterbecauseshedestroyedallhistoys他讨厌他的小妹妹，因为她损坏了他所有的玩具。Youwillruinyourprospectsifyoucontinuetobesofoolish．如果你继续这种愚蠢的行为，你会自毁前程的。【练习】用上面三个词的适当形式填空1.Everywheretheyfoundnearlyeverythingwas_________.2.He__________hisgirlfriend’sprospects.(前程)3.Softwood________easily.答案:1.destroyed2.ruined3.damages8.shockvt&n.vt（.使）震惊；震动n.休克；打击；震动1.Itshocksyouwhensomethinglikethathappens.发生这样的事情，使人觉得难以置信。2.beshockedat/todosth.听到某事感到震惊Wewereallshockedatthenewsofhisdeath.听到他的死讯我们都感到震惊。3.shock的派生形容词：shocking某事令人震惊的,shocked某人感到震惊的9.rescuen.&vt.援救，营救1.Thepolicecametohisrescueandpulledhimoutoftheriver.警察来救他，把他从河里拉了出来。2.Therescueteammadecountlessrescuesduringtheearthquake.营救队在这次地震期间进行了无数次救援。3.Michaelrescuedaboyfromdrowning.迈克把溺水的男孩救了起来。rescuesb./sth.fromsb./sp.把……..从……营救出来cometo/gotosb’srescue=rescuesb.援救某人arescueteam救援队arescuemission救援任务rescueworkers救援人员【练习】用rescue的适当形式填空1.Themother,alongwithhertwochildren,_________fromthesinkingboatbyapassingship.2.Thefiremen________fivechildrenfromtheburninghouseyesterday.答案:1.hasbeenrescued2.rescued10.trapvt.困住，关住1.Thebearwastrapped.那头熊落入了陷阱。2.Thecarwastrappedinthedeepsnow.车陷在深雪中了。3.Thepolicetrappedhimintoaconfession.警察设圈套使他招供。[短语]betrappedin/by困在…中；被…所困trapsbintosth./doingsth陷害/诱骗某人做某事11.digout掘出，发现,挖掘;挖走,匆匆地离开1.Theoldminerwasdiggingoutgold.老矿工正在挖金子。2.Idugoutastrangebookfrommyfriend’sdorm.我从朋友的宿舍中发现了一本奇怪的书。3Itwasdifficulttodigoutthetrappedminers.把被困的矿工挖掘出来很困难。4Shedidn'tsaywheretogo,justdugout.她没有讲要到哪儿去,只是匆匆地走了。digup掘起,找到,发现,揭露出,筹集41.Thechildrenhelpedtheirparentstodiguppotatoes.孩子们帮他们的父母挖马铃薯。2.Wheredidyoudigupthefreshevidence?你从哪儿弄到那些新证据的?3.Weshouldbeabletodigupenoughmoneyforyourticket.我们应该能够筹集到足够的钱供你买票。12.buryvt.埋葬，掩埋，隐藏1.Thehousewashalfburiedintheground.房子一半埋在雪中。2.Intheeveningheburieshimselfinhisbooks.每天晚上他都埋头读书。[重点用法]beburiedalive被活埋，隐居be/getburiedunder为……所压