直升机英语词汇

英文释义中文释义备注说明一、基础词汇1、直升机种类single-rotorhelicopter(withtailrotor)单旋翼带尾桨式直升机tandemrotorshelicopter纵列式双旋翼直升机side-by-siderotorshelicopter横列式双旋翼直升机coaxialrotorshelicopter共轴双旋翼式直升机tip-drivenrotorshelicopter叶尖推进式直升机tiltrotorshelicopter倾转旋翼式飞机autogyro旋翼机compoundhelicopter复合式直升机2、常见作用力thrust推力加上coefficient，即相应系数，例：升力系数lift升力propulsion推进力跟发动机有关的profiledrag型阻力aerodynamicdrag气动阻力dragforce阻力centrifugalforce离心力parasitedrag废阻力protuberancedrag由于机身突起物所带来的阻力nose-down/noseupmoment低头力矩/抬头力矩对于迎角来说，抬头为正，低头为负3、直升机的一些部件rotorshaft旋转轴mainrotoraxis主旋翼轴aft尾部fairing整流装置fuselage机身机身包括nose-section、corss-sectionshape、afterbodytaper、camber几个部分构成auxiliarycomponents辅助元件gasturbineengine燃气涡流发动机pistonengine活塞式发动机hub桨毂controlcolumn驾驶杆cockpit驾驶舱undercarriage\landinggear起落架可以收回的起落架retraction(轮式的是wheel，雪橇式的是skid)enginenacelle发动机舱deflector变流装置canopy座舱罩airframe机身主要相对气动分析而言的概念propeller螺旋桨（推进器）相对旋翼机而言articulatedrotor铰接式旋翼铰接articulationhinglessrotor无铰式旋翼4、数学概念equation等式formula公式iterative迭代的non-dimensionalize无因次化coefficent系数empiricalfactor经验系数dimensionlessquantity无因次量harmonicterms各阶谐波项secondharmoniccontrol二阶谐波控制numericalmethod数值方法linearizationofsmallperturbation小扰动线性化polynomial多项式vectorsum矢量和displacement位移evaluate求……的值5、直升机的基本参数rotordiameter桨盘直径rotorradius桨盘半径discloading单位桨盘载荷figureofmerit相对效率twist/negative扭度/负扭centerofgravity重心angularvelocity角速度chordlength弦长spanwisewidth展向宽度solidityfactor实度collectivepitch总距span叶素全长Locknumber洛克数power-to-weightration功重比pitch俯仰roll滚转head偏航sweepback后掠角stiffness刚度刚体的:rigidconingangle锥度角anglefoincidence(attack)迎角offset偏置常用在挥舞铰偏置中Aspectratio展弦比二、直升机空气动力学1、滑流理论英文释义中文释义备注说明momentumtheory滑流理论verticalflight垂直飞行hover悬停indescent/verticaldescent/verticalclimb下降/上升inducedpower/velocity诱导功率/速度outflow流出流inflow流入流disc桨盘streamtube流管线flowpattern流型steady/unstead定常/非定常downwash/upwash下洗流/上洗流kineticenergy动能compressibilityeffect压缩性效应tiploss叶尖损失2、叶素理论BladeElementTheory/ElementaryBladeTheory叶素理论sectionshape剖面inflowangle来流角airfoil翼型bladeincidence桨叶迎角liftslop升力线斜率bladespan翼展（相对于旋翼而言）leadingedge前缘trailingedge后缘blade桨叶沿半径从内向外分为三个部分：inboard、mid-span、tippartsnon-uniformflow非均匀来流idealtwist儒氏旋翼blademeanliftcoefficient平均升力系数与升力系数不是同一个概念3、涡流理论部分英文释义中文释义备注说明tipvortex桨尖涡vortex-ring(state)涡环（状态）vortex的复数vorticesturbulent-wakestate紊流状态wakevortices尾迹涡vortexcylinder涡柱面trailingvortexsystem尾迹涡系wakevortices尾迹streamwisevortices流向涡discrete分离的三、前飞理论部分英文释义中文释义备注说明advanceratio前进比advancingside前行桨叶retreatingside后行桨叶flappingmotion挥舞运动flappinghinge挥舞铰flappingcoefficient挥舞系数regionofreversedflow反流区EquilibriumEquation力平衡方程Coriolisforce/moment哥氏力/哥氏力力矩interiaforce/moments惯性力restrainingforce约束力gravitationalforce/moments重力/力矩damping阻尼mechanicaldamper机械阻尼器gyroscopicmoment陀螺力矩crosscoupling交叉耦合oscillatorybendingstress振荡弯曲应力rollmoment滚转力矩resultantforce/moment合力/合力矩AbecommunicatedtoB力A传到Blead-laghinge摆振铰featheringhinge变距铰oncomingstreamdirection迎流方向referenceplane参考面separatedflow气流分离全称:retreatingbladestallbladestalling桨尖失速全称:advancingbladecompressiblitydragriseazimuthangle方位角shockinducedflowseperation激波-气流分离stallingcharacteristic失速特性freestreamdynamicpressure自由来流动压boundarylayer附面层asymmetry/symmetry不对称/对称flowreversl气流反向horizontaltailplane水平安定面verticalfin垂直安定面lateral/longitudinalcycliccoefficient横向/纵向周期变距headwind逆风tailwind顺风四、性能计算部分：英文释义中文释义备注说明performanceassessment性能评估helicopterperformancecalculation直升机性能计算groundeffect地面效应autorotation自转飞行highrateofclimb悬停升限windtunneltest风洞测试patrol/loitertask巡航飞行cruisespeed巡航速度weightcapability承重能力rateofclimb爬升率absoluteceiling绝对升限serviceceiling实用升限optimumspeed最佳速度minimumrateofdescent最小下降率maximumedurance/loitertime最大续航时间maximumglidedistance最大航行距离maximumrange最大航行里程maximumspeed最大速度specificrange比航程dihedralaction上反作用longitudinal/lateraltrimequation纵向/横向配平方程shaftpower轴功率powerrequirement需用功率inducedrequirement诱导功率stability稳定性staticstability静稳定dynamicstability动稳定incidencedisturbance动稳定扰动的几种情况forwardspeeddisturbanceangularvelocitydisturbancesideslipdisturbanceyawingdisturbancestabilityaugmentationsystem增稳系统