英文科技论文写作解析

英语科技论文写作试讲景晓东北航能源与动力工程学院2013年5月29日,晚7：00-9：00，主M401英语学术论文的影响力•英国是现代自然科学的重要发源地之一•在19世纪末20世纪初，德文学术期刊一度颇有影响1905年爱因斯坦在Ann.Der.Physik（德语）发表了5篇划时代意义的论文（狭义相对论，光电效应，分子热运动）•二战之后科学的中心由欧洲转移到美国Science,NatureCell，AIAAJournal如今自然科学领域的优秀研究成果大多荟萃于英语学术出版物Internationaljournals核心学术期刊DNA双螺旋结构的发现J.D.Watson&F.H.C.Crick(Nature,1953)大涡模拟方法（LES）首次提出气动声学学科诞生的标志国内发表国际期刊论文的增长情况2011年14.4万篇什么时候要写论文了？Whendoyouwanttowriteapaper?在研究中取得了重要成果，迫切需要公诸于世Contentisessential17世纪科学家，通过给友人写信或者印发小册子的方式宣传自己的研究成果原创性和创新性是第一位的评价标准OriginalityisofthefirstimportanceHowtocheck?Keywordssearch(关键词检索:EI,SCI）写作和表达是关键Presentationiscritical同行专家评议PeerreviewAnonymousreviewbyanotherscientistinyourfield一般副主编最终决定论文是否被接收Associateeditor：aninternationallyfamousscientistwhodecidesoneachmanuscript认真准备稿件Theyarebusyandcriticalscientists,sodon’twastetheirtime我的第一篇英文论文(1998.7.26)MyfirstpaperwritteninEnglishEditorL.C.Sutherland:ImustapologizeforthelargenumberofsuggestedchangestoyourtextbuthopeyouunderstandthattheyaremadeonlywiththeintenttohelpprovideyouwithamorereadabletextforpublicationReviewerNo.1:Thepaperistimelyandhastechnicalmerit.Thetranslationsuffersfromnumerousawkwardphraseologylapses,wordyconstructions,nonstandarduseoftechnicaljargon,andgrammaticalerrorsReviewerNo.2:Themanuscriptshouldberevisedandre-workedinconsiderationsofthecommentsfromthereviewers.Beforere-submission,thereviseddraftshouldbereviewedbyalocalpersonwhoisfluentinwritinggoodtechnicalEnglish带批注的论文稿件Annotatedmanuscript正确使用技术词汇和语句Correctusageofwordsandphrases技术词汇一定要准确，不可随意编造和杜撰Avoidtechnicaljargon!Compressorcascade,turbulentflow,constituteequationmodalanalysis,heattransfer,soundtransmission…一些常用的词汇和短语•method(model,technique,approach,methodology,strategy)•(basic,key,crucial)idea,principle,opinion•we,our(NotI,my)•the(experimental,numerical,theoretical)investigation(study,research)of…(NOTinto)•forthepurpose(objective)of,inorderto•propose,develop,setup,establish,putforward•give,present,report,state,describe,explain•(results,computation,experiment)show,indicate,demonstrate,reveal•consider,takeintoaccount,incorporate,include•but,however,ontheotherhand;so,hence,therefore,thus(because,since);furthermore,moreover•present,previous;presently,previously……agreewith,beinexcellent(good,satisfactory)agreementwith,beconsistentwith(beinconsistentwith)inthesituationthat,inthecasethat,ontheconditionthat,providedthat(if,when)basedon(onthebasisof),onthehypothesis(assumption)ofbringinsight(understanding)into(themechanism,physicalprocess)verify,validate,prove,supportuse,apply,employincreasewiththeincrease(decrease)ofcause,resultin,leadto;resultfrom,dueto……如何“造”句Commandofsentences造句从模仿到熟练（1）多用简单句（2）复合句要结构清楚，类型常见（3）善于套用模仿成句（大量阅读参考文献，利用网络搜索）常用句型•Themainpurpose(objective,task)ofthispaperistoinvestigate…•Itisneeded(necessary,essential,important)that(to)…•Itisveryimportant(ofgreatimportance)toknow(investigate,study)…•Furtherinvestigation(study,research,work)isneededtoelucidate(reveal,generalize)…•Thebasic(main,fundamental)ideaofthemethodisthat…•Themethodis(widely,extensively,commonly)used(applied)indoing…(todo…)•Themethodissuitable(reliable,adequate)fordoing...or(todo…)•Thismethodisadvantageousinthatitisindependentofthetimeconstantsoftheoscillator.(Google)•Themainadvantageofthemethodisthatitissimpletounderstandandeasytooperate.(Google).•Thereisa(significant,major)differencebetweenthismodeland...•Themodelisfurthervalidated(verified,confirmed)byusingtheonroadmeasurementdataofthefloatingcar.(Google).•Theresultsprovideevidencetoshow…•Fromtheanalysis,wecanseethat…•TheacousticpropertiesareplottedasfunctionsoftheMachnumber•However,themechanismoftheenergyconversionhadnotbeenunderstoodclearlyuntilHoweandBechertexplaineditindetailin1970s.……学术论文的常见结构StructureofascientificpaperTitle+subtitle(论文题名+副标题)Authors+correspondenceaddress(作者姓名+通讯地址)Abstract+Keyword(摘要+关键词)Introduction(引言)Materialsandmethods(材料与方法)Results&Discussion(结果与讨论)Conclusion(结论)Acknowledgement(致谢)Reference(参考文献)Informationforauthors-manuscriptstyleandformat论文题名+副标题Title+subtitle明确Specific(informative,noambiguity)NumericalsimulationonthenonlinearacousticpropertiesofanorificeSuggestions:thetitleshouldbemorespecific…Discretevortexsimulationontheacousticnonlinearityofanorifice简洁Concise12wordsatmost(AIAAJournal)Notbeginwitharticlessuchas‘An’描述性语言Descriptivewordsnovel,innovative,original?具有特色和吸引力Eye-catching格式FormatFirstA.Author[1]andSecondB.AuthorJr.[2]BusinessorAcademicAffiliation1,City,State,ZipCodeThirdC.Author[3]BusinessorAcademicAffiliation2,City,Province,ZipCode,CountryandFourthD.Author[4]BusinessorAcademicAffiliation2,City,State,ZipCode脚注Footnote[1]JobTitle,Membership,ContactAddress(Email),Correpondingauthor作者姓名+通讯地址Authors+correspondenceaddress摘要+关键词Abstract+Keyword公布于SCI，EI等检索工具上简捷而充分地表述论文的要点，并包括重要的细节Concise,butcontainssufficientdetailsthatmakeyourworkdifferent1.Background（veryconciseorjustomitted)2.Methods,3.Results,4.Discussionandconclusions恰当地强调创新点、独立的发现、或主要贡献Focusonyouroriginality,independentfindings,majorcontributions(descriptivelanguage