第九章羧酸及其衍生物-汪小兰有机化学答案

1576893694966第1页共6页第九章羧酸及其衍生物9.1用系统命名法命名（如有俗名请注出）或写出结构式a.(CH3)2CHCOOHb.OHCOOHc.CH3CH=CHCOOHd.CH3CHCH2COOHBre.CH3CH2CH2COClf.(CH3CH2CH2CO)2Og.CH3CH2COOC2H5h.CH3CH2CH2OCOCH3i.CONH2j.HOOCC=CCOOHHHk.邻苯二甲酸二甲酯l.甲酸异丙酯m.N-甲基丙酰胺s.苯甲酰基n---r.略t.乙酰基答案：a.2－甲基丙酸2－Methylpropanoicacid(异丁酸Isobutanoicacid)b.邻羟基苯甲酸（水杨酸）o－Hydroxybenzoicacidc.2－丁烯酸2－Butenoicacidd3－溴丁酸3－Bromobutanoicacide.丁酰氯ButanoylChloridef.丁酸酐Butanoicanhydrideg.丙酸乙酯Ethylpropanoateh.乙酸丙酯Propylacetatei.苯甲酰胺Benzamidej.顺丁烯二酸Maleicacids.COt.H3CCOk.COOCH3COOCH3l.HCOOCH(CH3)2m.CH3CH2CONHCH39.2将下列化合物按酸性增强的顺序排列：a.CH3CH2CHBrCO2Hb.CH3CHBrCH2CO2Hc.CH3CH2CH2CO2Hd.CH3CH2CH2CH2OHe.C6H5OHf.H2CO3g.Br3CCO2Hh.H2O答案：酸性排序gabcfehd9.3写出下列反应的主要产物a.Na2Cr2O7--H2SO4b.(CH3)2CHOH+COClH3Cc.HOCH2CH2COOHLiAlH4d.NCCH2CH2CN+H2ONaOHH+e.CH2COOHCH2COOHBa(OH)2f.CH3COCl+CH3无水AlCl3g.(CH3CO)2O+OHh.CH3CH2COOC2H5NaOC2H51576893694966第2页共6页i.CH3COOC2H5+CH3CH2CH2OHH+j.CH3CH(COOH)2k.COOH+HCll.2+HOCH2CH2OHH+m.COOHLiAlH4COOHn.HCOOH+OHH+o.CH2CH2COOC2H5CH2CH2COOC2H5NaOC2H5p.NCONH2OH－q.CH2(COOC2H5)2+H2NCONH2答案：a.Na2Cr2O7--H2SO4COOHCOOH+COOHCOOHb.(CH3)2CHOH+COOCH(CH3)2H3CCOClH3Cc.HOCH2CH2COOHLiAlH4HOCH2CH2CH2OHd.NCCH2CH2CN+H2ONaOH－OOCCH2CH2COO－H+HOOCCH2CH2COOHe.CH2COOHCH2COOHBa(OH)2Of.CH3COCl+CH3无水AlCl3CH3COCH3+CH3COCH3g.(CH3CO)2O+OHOCOCH3h.CH3CH2COOC2H5NaOC2H5CH3CH2COCHCOOC2H5CH3i.CH3COOC2H5+CH3CH2CH2OHH+CH3COOCH2CH2CH3+C2H5OHj.CH3CH(COOH)2CH3CH2COOHk.COOH+HClClCOOH+CO21576893694966第3页共6页l.2+HOCH2CH2OHH+COOCH2CH2OOCm.COOHLiAlH4CH2OHCOOHn.HCOOH+OHHCOOH+o.CH2CH2COOC2H5CH2CH2COOC2H5NaOC2H5OCOOC2H5p.NCONH2OH－－NCOO+NH3q.CH2(COOC2H5)2+H2NCONH2HNNHOOO9.4用简单化学方法鉴别下列各组化合物：a.COOHCOOH与与CH2COOHCH2COOHb.COOHOCH3OHCOOCH3与c.(CH3)2CHCH=CHCOOH与COOHd.COOHCH3OHCOCH3OHOHCH=CH2与答案：a.KmnO4b.FeCl3c.Br2orKmnO4d.①FeCl3②2,4-二硝基苯肼或I2/NaOH9.5完成下列转化：a.OCOOHOHb.CH3CH2CH2BrCH3CH2CH2COOHc.(CH3)2CHOH(CH3)2CCOOHOHd.CH3CH3OOOOOOe.(CH3)2C=CH2(CH3)3CCOOHf.COOHBrg.HCCHCH3COOC2H51576893694966第4页共6页h.OOi.CH3CH2COOHCH3CH2CH2CH2COOHj.CH3COOHCH2(COOC2H5)2k.OOOCH2COONH4CH2CONH2l.CO2CH3OHCOOHOOCCH3m.CH3CH2COOHCH3CH2COOn.CH3CH(COOC2H5)2CH3CH2COOH答案：a.OCNOHH+COOHOHb.CH3CH2CH2BrCN－CH3CH2CH2CNH+CH3CH2CH2COOHc.(CH3)2CHOHCrO3.(Py)2(CH3)2CO(CH3)2CCNOHH+(CH3)2CCOOHOHd.CH3CH3KMnO4COOHCOOHCOOHCOOHBa(OH)2OOOOOOe.(CH3)2C=CH2HBr(CH3)3CBrMgEt2O(CH3)3CMgBrCO2H+/H2O(CH3)3CCOOHf.CH3BrAlCl3CH3KMnO4COOHBr2FeCOOHBrg.HCCHH2OH+Hg2+,CH3CHOKMnO4CH3COOHCH3CH2OHH+CH3COOC2H5HCNH2OHCN1)2)H2OH2O1576893694966第5页共6页h.OHNO3HOOC(CH2)4COOHOi.CH3CH2COOHLiAlH4CH3CH2CH2OHHBrCH3CH2CH2BrMgEt2OCH3CH2CH2MgBrOH+CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OHKMnO4CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH或CH3COCH2COOC2H5EtONaCH3CH2CH2BrCH3COCHCH2CH2CH3COOC2H5浓OH－CH3(CH2)3COOHj.CH3COOHCl2PCH2COOHClCN－CH2COOHCNEtOHH+,CH2(COOC2H5)2k.OOONH3CH2COONH4CH2CONH2l.CO2CH3OHH+H2OCOOHOH(CH3CO)2OCOOHOOCCH3m.CH3CH2COOHSOCl2CH3CH2COClOHCH3CH2COOn.CH3CH(COOC2H5)2OH－H+CH3CH2COOH1)2)H3O+1)2)3)9.6怎样将己醇、己酸和对甲苯酚的混合物分离得到各种纯的组分？答案：己醇A已酸B对甲苯酚CNaHCO3水溶液水相已酸钠HCl已酸B有机相已醇对甲苯酚NaOH水相有机相已醇A酚钠HCl酚C9.7写出分子式为C5H6O4的不饱和二元羧酸的各种异构体。如有几何异构，以Z，E标明，并指出哪个容易形成酐。答案：COOHCOOHCOOHCOOHCOOHCOOHCOOHHOOCHOOCCOOHHCH3CH2COOHHOOC(Z)易成酐(E)不易(Z)易成酐(E)不易成酐9.8化合物A，分子式为C4H6O4，加热后得到分子式为C4H4O3的B，将A与过量甲醇及少量硫酸一起加热得分子式为C6H10O4的Ｃ。B与过量甲醇作用也得到C。A与LiAlH4作用后得分子式为C4H10O2的D。写出A，B，C，D的结构式以及它们相互转化的反应式。答案：1576893694966第6页共6页A.CH2COOHCH2COOHB.OOOC.H2CH2CCOCH3COCH3OOD.CH2CH2OHCH2CH2OH