高一语法专题三----名词性从句

1高三语法专题名词性从句主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句在复合句中的作用相当于名词，因此这四种从句统称为名词性从句。一：名词性从句的引导词1;连接词:that,if,whether.只起引导作用，在句中不充当任何成分．其中that不翻译出来，没有任何含义；而if和whether翻译成”是否”。Eg:Thatthishashappenedisnotuncertain.Wecannotbesurewhether/ifourdreamswillcometrue.2:连接代词：who,,whose,which,what,whatever,whoever,whichever.在句中要充当主语，宾语，表语．Iwonderwhatyouarethinkingabout.Canyouimaginewhatwillhappennext?Myhometownisnotwhatitusedtobe.３；连接副词：where,when,how,why,howsoon,howoften,howlong,howmuch.在句中充当相应的状语．Whenhewillholdthemeetinghasbeendecided.ThisishowHenrysolvedtheproblem.二：名词性从句的分类与引导词一）：主语从句主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语，引导主语从句的词有，that,whether,who,what,which,whoever,whichever,whatever,when,where,how,why等。Whetherwewillsucceedisstillaquestion.Whoevercomestothepartywillreceiveapresent.注：1.主语从句的主谓一致1).主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式.Thattheywillcomeiscertain2).由who,whoever引导的主语从句的单复数要视从句中的单复数而定.Whoeversaythataretobepunished.Whoheisdoesn’tconcernme.3).What引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.Whathewantsarethesebooks.Whathewantsissomewater2.有时为了平衡句式，常用it做形式主语，而把从句放在后面．Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.Itdependsontheclimatewhethertheyaregoingshoppingtoday.Itisbelievedthatheisatalent二）.宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导宾语从句的词有，that,whether,who,what,which,whoever,whichever,whatever,when,where,how,why等。宾语从句一般放在动词，形容词或介词后。Shehastoldus(that)shewillgiveusahand.HeaskedmehowIwasgettingalongwithmynewclassmates.I’mafraidthatIhavemadeamistake.Iwasinterestedinwhathewasdoing.注：1.有时要用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在句子的后面。2Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.Youmaydependonitthattheyarevaluable.2.如doyouthink/believe/suppose/expect/imagine后接特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，疑问词要放在居首。Whatdoyouthinkisgoingonoutside?Whendoyoubelievehewillheldthemeeting3.I/We(don’t)think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine后接宾语从句时，反义疑问句要与从句中的主语和谓语保持一致。Idon’tsupposehecares,doeshe?4.that引导，通常that可以省略（但that引导其他名词性从句时不可省略）Shehastoldus(that)shewillgiveusahand.三）.表语从句表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语，引导表语从句的词有，that,whether,who,what,which,whoever,whichever,whatever,when,where,how,because等。表语从句一般放在系动词后。ThereasonisthatI’vebeentoobusythesedays.Thatiswherehespenthischildhood.Thecoatiswhereyouleftit.三）.同位语从句的概念在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。引导同位语从句的词有，that,whether,who,what,which,when,where,how,why等.常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,informationsuggestion,possibility等名词后面，用以说明该名词的具体内容。Iheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.Wehaven’tsettledthequestionwherewewillspendourholidays.Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.2.有时用namely（即），thatistosay（也就是说），thatis（那就是）等引出同位语或同位语从句。ThereisonlyonewayofimprovingyourEnglish,thatis,topracticemore.Hetoldusthegoodnews,namely,themuseumisopentoall.三：名词性从句的难点和考点1.语序问题。名词性从句要用陈述语序ThephotographswillshowyouwhatourvillagelookslikeYoucanhardlyimaginehowexcitedhewaswhenheheardthenews2：引导词that和what的区别What在从句中要充当主语，宾语或表语，这时what相当于allthat/everythingthat等常译作“所…..的（东西，事情，话等）”。而that只起连接作用，本身无实际意义，在从句中不充当任何成分，that引导主语从句放在居首时不能省略。WhatIcan’tunderstandiswhyhehaschangedhismind.Thattheearthisroundisknowntousall.2.引导词if和whether的区别if和whether引导动词后的宾语从句时可以通用，但介词后的宾语从句，主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句不能用if引导。Idon’tcareif/whetherhewillcometomyparty.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.3Whethershewillgohomeornotisunknown.Thequestioniswhetherwecancollectenoughmoney.3.引导词Who和whoever的区别引导名词性从句时，whoever相当于anyonewho或thosewho它既是从句的主语又是主句的主语。而who只做从句的主语，它引导的从句才是主句的主语。Whoeverhashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.Whowillbeelectedthepresidentdoesn’tmakemuchdifferencetome.4.同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句用于解释前面名词的内容，从句本身是一个完整的句子，所以其前面的名词在同位语从句中不作任何成分；而定语从句对它前面的名词加以限制和修饰，从句本身不完整，因此其前的名词在定语从句中通常做主语，宾语或表语等成分。ThenewsthatMr.BrownwillbeournewEnglishteacheristrue.Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdayistrue.I’venoideathatKatehasbeentoshanghaiThebook(that)IboughtyesterdaywaswrittenbyLuXun.5.Whoever与nomatterwho，whatever与nomatterwhat的区别。Whoeverwhatever即可引导名词性从句也可引导让步状语从句；而Nomatterwhat和Nomatterwho只引导让步状语从句。Whatever(=Nomatterwhat)youmaythink,I’mgoingaheadwithmyplans.Whoever(=Nomatterwho)youare,youcan’tpasstheway.Takewhateveryouneedandleavemealone.Whoeverdidthisjobmustberewarded.6.名词性从句中的语气。1)表示“建议，命令，请求，要求”意义的动词后接that从句时，从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形表虚拟，且should可以省略。Advise/recommend/order/propose/suggest/insist/demand/require/request(that)sb.(should)do…Bob’sdoctorsuggeststhathe(should)restforafewdays.Isuggestedthatheseeadoctor.Heinsistedthatwearrivetherebefore7o’clock.2)在Itisimportant/necessary/natural/strange/essential…+thatsb.(should)do…Itisnecessarythattheproblemshouldbesettledatonce.7.名词性从句的时态名词性从句一般要遵循时态一致原则,但虚拟语气例外；即主句用现在时，从句用现在的某种时态；主句用过去时，从句也用过去的某种时态。Hesaidthathedidn’twanttoknow.Iwonderwhathashappenedtoher.名词性从句中考查虚拟语气1.考查主语从句中虚拟语气的谓语动词形式这类形式的虚拟语气通常表示建议、命令、要求、希望、惊讶等语气。(1)“Itisnecessary(important/natural/strange/surprising)that...”句型中,从句的谓语动词通常使用(should)+动词原形,例如:Itisnecessarythathe(should)besenttohospitalatonce.他有必要被立刻送往医院。Itisstrangethatshe(should)marrysuchapoorman.她竟然嫁给这样一个穷光蛋,真4是太奇怪了。(2)Itissuggested(desired/decided/ordered/requested/proposed)that...,例如:Ithasbeendecidedthatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnextSaturday.会议决定推迟到下周六举行。2.考查宾语从句中的虚拟语气(1)在某些表示“建议、要求、命令”的动词后的宾语从句中,使用(should)+动词原形。常见的这类动词有:一个坚持(insist);两个命令(order、command);三