您好,欢迎访问三七文档
当前位置:首页 > 行业资料 > 旅游娱乐 > 第2章汉英翻译基础知识(新编汉英翻译教程陈宏薇)
“文化”(culture)物质文化(materialculture)制度文化(institutionalculture)心理文化(也称观念文化)(mentalculture)咖啡(coffee)、巧克力(chocolate)、色拉(salad)、三明治(sandwich)、歇斯底里(hysteria)、休克(shock)、基因(gene)、钙(calcium)、维他命(vitamin)、奥林匹克(Olympic)、雷达(radar)、先令(shilling)、夹克(jacket)、电视(television)、激光(laser)、飞机(aeroplane)、火车(train)、交响乐(symphony)、基督徒(Christian)、面包(bread)、盲文(brail)、圣诞老人(SantaClaus)、圣经(Bible)、马海毛(mahair)、贝雷帽(beret)、革命(revolution)、营养(nourish)、解放(liberate)、民主(democracy)、科学(science)、独裁(dictatorship)、心理学(psychology)、形而上学(metaphysics)、图书馆(library)、想象(imagination)、暗示(hint)、投资(investment)磁卡电话(cardphone)、立交桥(overpass)、隐形眼镜(contactlenses)、下拉菜单(pulldown)、软驱(floppydrive)、光驱(CDdrive)、鼠标(mouse)、电脑(computer)、内存条(RAMchip)、复印机(xeroxmachine)、安乐死(euthanasia)、艾滋病(AIDS)、香波(shampoo)、连锁店(chainstore)、热狗(hotdog)、自助餐(buffet)、牛仔服(cowboysuit)、T恤衫(T-shirt)意合(parataxis)隐性(covertness)显性(overtness)形合(hypotaxis)伦理(ethics)认知(cognition)顺其自然(Letnaturetakeitscourseinaccordancewithitsnaturaltendency)、听其自然(leavethematterasitis;taketheworldasitis)、听天安命(acceptthesituation)、听天由命(beatthemercyofnature;belefttoGod'smercy;letfatehaveitsway;submitthewillofHeaven;waitforone'sfate)。individualism(不管别人怎样做)只按个人方法行事的感觉或行为;我行我素个体主义”。整体(integrity)综合性(synthetic)个体(individuality)、分析性(analytic)直觉(intuition)实证(evidence)天人合一”(TheUnityofManandHeaven形象思维(figurativethinking)逻辑思维(logicalthinking)表象(presentation)天亮(daybreak;dawn明枪易躲,暗箭难防(Itiseasytododgeaspearthrustintheopen,butdifficulttoguardagainstanarrowshotfromhiding)、脚踩两只船(比喻因为对事物认识不清或存心投机取巧而跟两方面都保持联系,straddletwoboats;haveafootineithercamp)、脚踏实地(haveadown-to-earthmanner)、胆小如鼠(astimidasamouse;chicken-hearted)、顶天立地(dauntless;ofgiganticstature;ofindomitablespirit;giant)、调虎离山(1urethetigeroutofthemountains;luretheenemyawayfromhisbase)、丢盔弃甲(throwawayeverythinginheadlongflight)、哭笑不得(形容处境尴尬,不知如何是好,notknowwhethertolaughortocry;findsth.bothfunnyandannoying)、枯木逢春(比喻重获生机,getanewleaseoflife)、居高临下(处在高处,俯视下面,形容处于有利的地位,occupyacommandingposition)、蒙在鼓里(bekeptinthedark)。英美人也用具体形象词语比喻抽象的事物,但常常喜欢用抽象名词指代具体事物。棍子stick)、锅wok汉藏语系(Sino-TibetanFamily印欧语系(Indo-EuropeanFamily)文字(script)书面语言(systemofwriting表意文字(ideographicscript音节文字(ideographic-orientedsyllabicscript)字(character词(word偏旁部首(radical语素(morpheme)拼音文字(alphabeticscript象形字(pictagraph指事字(indicativecharacter会意字(associativecharacter形声字(morpheme-phoneticcharacter音素(phoneme韵母(final声母(initial元音(vowel辅音(consonant)汉语拼音字母(pinyin国际音标(internationaltranscription声调语言(tonallanguage重读音节(stressedsyllable语调语言(intonationlanguage第一音节(scholar,family倒数第三个音节(psychology主重音(primarystress次重音(secondarystress)(magazine双重音(doublestress)实词(contentwords虚词(formwords音节文字(ideographic-orientedsyllabicscript)拼音文字(alphabeticscript合成法(compounding缀合法(affixation)音变法(sound-changing缩略法(abbreviation重叠法(reduplication转换法(conversion逆构词法(back-formation截短法(clipping超短波ultrashortwaves超短裙Miniskirt超标准Superstandard超语言符号extralinguisticsigns超代数Hyperalgebra超大气压Overpressure超高频ultra-highfrequency。命根子(lifeblood胖子(fatty矮子Shorty垫叶子cushion,mat掸子(duster骗子(swindler)。doom(n.毁灭、末日deem(v.认为)house(n.房屋house(v.留宿)。北大Beida(PekingUniversity)清华Tsinghua(TsinghuaUniversity央视CCTV(CentralChinaTelevisionStation华中师大CCNU(CentralChinaNormalUniversity安琪儿(angel桑巴(samba马拉松(marathon扑克(poker幽默(humour卡路里(calorie)康乃馨(carnation)篮球(basketball交响乐(symphony工会(tradeunion智商(IQ)冰淇淋(icecream咖哩粉(curry汉堡包(hamburger)爵士乐(jazz绷带(bandage嘉年华会(carnivallitchi(荔枝loquat(枇杷kaoliang(高粱jiaozi(饺子ginseng(人参sampan(舢板kowtow(叩头kungfu(功夫makjong(麻将mu(亩yuan(元jin(斤panda(熊猫mooncake(月饼Chinarose(月季mandarinduck(鸳鸯tael(银两emptyword(虚词goldfish(金鱼PekingOpera(京剧bricktea(砖茶医生(仔仔细细)给病人作了检查。Thedoctorexaminedthepatientvery,verycarefully.一眼望去,(疏疏的)林,(淡淡的)月,衬着蔚蓝的天,颇像荒江野渡光景;……Asonelookedintothedistance,thesparsetreesandpalemoonsetoffbytheblueskyofferedaviewlikethatatadesertedferryonadesolateriver.(朱自清《桨声灯影里的秦淮河》,胡士光译)他很听话,我的话(句句)听。HewasveryobedientandalwaysdidasItoldhim.“句句”在这里强调“听话”的程度,用“alwaysdidasItoldhim”译出了原文强调的程度。警察监视着犯罪嫌疑人的(一举一动)。Thepolicekeptclosewatchonthemanundersuspicion.“一举一动”在下例中,便换了一种译法。我们是新雇员,得注意自己的(一举一动)。Asnewemployeeswemustbecarefulaboutwhatwedo.果品freshanddriedfruitsstrawberry(草莓blackberry(黑莓blueberry(蓝莓raspberry(钩子hollyberries(泡叶栒子模糊词(fuzzywords中国古代气论(theoryofvitality元气primordialQi气虚Qideficiency。做家务dothehousework、dothehousechore做大扫除dogeneralcleaning扫地洗碗洗衣服擦玻璃做饭擦皮鞋倒垃圾sweepthefloor、dothedishes、washclothes、cleanglasses、cookmeals、shineleathershoes、dumprubbish。搽药applylotion(orointment)搽粉powderone'sface搽雪花膏putonvanishingcream(1)探春笑道:“只恐又是你的杜撰。”宝玉笑道:“除《四书》外,杜撰的太多,偏只我是杜撰不成?”“You'remakingthatup,I'mafraid,”teasedTanChun.“Mostworks,apartfromtheFOURBOOKS,aremadeup;amItheonlyonewhomadethingsup?”heretortedwithagrin.(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)(2)贾母笑道:“你不认得他,他是我们这里有名的一个泼皮破落户儿,南省俗谓作‘辣子’,你只叫他‘凤辣子’就是了。”“Youdon'tknowher,”saidGrandmotherJiamerrily.“She'saholyterrorthisone.WhatweusedtocallinNankinga‘peppercorn’.Youjustcallher‘PeppercornFeng’.She'llknowwhoyoumean!”(DavidHawkes译)(3)贾母笑道:“外客未见,就脱了衣裳,还不去见你妹妹!”WithasmileatPao-yu,theLadyDowagerscolded,“Fancychangingyourclothesbeforegreetingourvisitor.Hurryupnowandpayyourrespectstoyourcousin.”(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)(4)贾母笑道:“可又是胡说,你又何曾见
本文标题:第2章汉英翻译基础知识(新编汉英翻译教程陈宏薇)
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-2191783 .html