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1第八章除外风险第4~7条:除外责任(EXCLUSIONS)EXCLUSIONS4.Innocaseshallthisinsurancecover4.1lossdamageorexpenseattributabletowilfulmisconductoftheAssured4.2ordinaryleakage,ordinarylossinweightorvolume,orordinarywearandtearofthesubject-matterinsured4.3lossdamageorexpensecausedbyinsufficiencyorunsuitabilityofpackingorpreparationofthesubject-matterinsuredtowithstandtheordinaryincidentsoftheinsuredtransitwheresuchpackingorpreparationiscarriedoutbytheAssuredortheiremployeesorpriortotheattachmentofthisinsurance(forthepurposeoftheseClausespackingshallbedeemedtoincludestowageinacontainerandemployeesshallnotincludeindependentcontractors)4.4lossdamageorexpensecausedbyinherentviceornatureofthesubject-matterinsured4.5lossdamageorexpensecausedbydelay,eventhoughthedelaybecausedbyariskinsuredagainst(exceptexpensespayableunderClause2above)4.6lossdamageorexpensecausedbyinsolvencyorfinancialdefaultoftheownersmanagerscharterersoroperatorsofthevesselwhere,atthetimeofloadingofthesubject-matterinsuredonboardthevessel,theAssuredareaware,orintheordinarycourseofbusinessshouldbeaware,thatsuchinsolvencyorfinancialdefaultcouldpreventthenormalprosecutionofthevoyageThisexclusionshallnotapplywherethecontractofinsurancehasbeenassignedtothepartyclaiminghereunderwhohasboughtoragreedtobuythesubject-matterinsuredingoodfaithunderabindingcontract4.7lossdamageorexpensedirectlyorindirectlycausedbyorarisingfromtheuseofanyweaponordeviceemployingatomicornuclearfissionand/orfusionorotherlikereactionorradioactiveforceormatter.5.5.1Innocaseshallthisinsurancecoverlossdamageorexpensearisingfrom5.1.1unseaworthinessofvesselorcraftorunfitnessofvesselorcraftforthesafecarriageofthesubject-matterinsured,wheretheAssuredareprivytosuchunseaworthinessorunfitness,atthetimethesubject-matterinsuredisloadedtherein5.1.2unfitnessofcontainerorconveyanceforthesafecarriageofthesubject-matterinsured,whereloadingthereinorthereoniscarriedoutpriortoattachmentofthisinsuranceorbytheAssuredortheiremployeesandtheyareprivytosuchunfitnessatthetimeofloading.5.2Exclusion5.1.1aboveshallnotapplywherethecontractofinsurancehasbeenassignedtothepartyclaiminghereunderwhohasboughtoragreedtobuythesubject-matterinsuredingoodfaithunderabindingcontract.5.3TheInsurerswaiveanybreachoftheimpliedwarrantiesofseaworthinessofthe2shipandfitnessoftheshiptocarrythesubject-matterinsuredtodestination.6.Innocaseshallthisinsurancecoverlossdamageorexpensecausedby6.1warcivilwarrevolutionrebellioninsurrection,orcivilstrifearisingtherefrom,oranyhostileactbyoragainstabelligerentpower6.2captureseizurearrestrestraintordetainment(piracyexcepted),andtheconsequencesthereoforanyattemptthereat6.3derelictminestorpedoesbombsorotherderelictweaponsofwar.7.Innocaseshallthisinsurancecoverlossdamageorexpense7.1causedbystrikers,locked-outworkmen,orpersonstakingpartinlabourdisturbances,riotsorcivilcommotions7.2resultingfromstrikes,lock-outs,labourdisturbances,riotsorcivilcommotions7.3causedbyanyactofterrorismbeinganactofanypersonactingonbehalfof,orinconnectionwith,anyorganisationwhichcarriesoutactivitiesdirectedtowardstheoverthrowingorinfluencing,byforceorviolence,ofanygovernmentwhetherornotlegallyconstituted7.4causedbyanypersonactingfromapolitical,ideologicalorreligiousmotive.除外责任4本保险概不承保:4.1可归咎于受保人的蓄意恶行的损失、损害或费用4.2保险标的之正常渗漏、正常重量或体积损失、或正常磨损4.3保险标的之包装或准备不足或不当而不能经受所保运送通常的事故所引起的损失、损害或费用,如果此种包装或准备是由受保人或其雇员实施的,或是在本保险责任开始前实施的(在本条文意义上,“包装”应视为包括集装箱内的积载,而受保人的雇员不包括独立承包商)4.4保险标的之固有缺陷或性质引起的损失、损害或费用4.5迟延造成的损失、损害或费用,即使该延迟是由承保风险引起的(但根据上述第2条支付的费用除外)4.6因船舶的所有人、经理人、承租人或经营人的破产或经济困境产生的损失、损害或费用,如果在保险标的装上船舶时,受保人知道或在通常业务过程中应该知道,此种破产或经济困境可能阻止航次的正常执行如果保险合约已经转让给根据一个有约束力的合约已经善意购买或同意购买保险标的之根据本保险合约索赔的人,本除外条文对他不适用4.7因使用原子或核裂变和/或聚变或其他类似反应或放射性力量或物质所制造的任何武器或装置直接或间接产生的或引起的损失、损害或费用。55.1本保险概不承保损失、损害或费用,如其起因于5.1.1船舶或驳船不适航或对保险标的之安全运输不适合,如果受保人在保险标的装载其上时对此种不适航或不适合有私谋5.1.2集装箱或托盘对保险标的之安全运输不适合,如果装入或装上发生在本保险责任开始之前,或者是由受保人或其雇员实施的,而且他们在装载时对此种不适合有私谋。35.2如果保险合约已经转让给根据一个有约束力的合约已经善意购买或同意购买保险标的之根据本保险合约索赔的人,上述第5.1.1条规定的除外责任对他不适用。5.3保险人放弃载运保险标的到目的港的船舶不得违反默示适航保证或适运保证。6本保险概不承保损失、损害或费用,如其起因于6.1战争、内战、革命、造反、叛乱或由此引起的内乱或任何交战方之间的敌对行为6.2捕获、扣押、扣留、拘禁或羁押(海盗除外)和此种行为引起的后果或进行此种行为的企图6.3被遗弃的水雷、鱼雷、炸弹或其他被遗弃的战争武器。7本保险概不承保下列损失、损害或费用7.1罢工者、被迫停工工人,或参加工潮、暴动或民变的人员造成者7.2罢工、停工、工潮、暴动或民变造成者7.3恐怖行为造成者,恐怖行为是指任何人的行为,其代表或与任何组织有关联,此种组织诉诸武力或暴力,实施旨在颠覆或影响某政府的行动,不管该政府是否合法成立7.4出于政治、伦理或宗教动机行事的任何人造成者。协会货物条文(A)1/1/09之第4条是规定一切险不承保的各项风险或情况,包括第4.1条的蓄意恶行,第4.2条的一般性损耗,第4.3条的包装不足或不适带来的损失或损坏,第4.4条的内在缺陷或保险货物的本身性质所造成的损失或损坏,第4.5条的延误造成的损失或损坏,第4.6条的船东、船舶经理人、承租人或船舶营运人的清盘或经济不善带来的损失或损坏,第4.7条的战争武器或核爆炸直接或间接所造成的损失或损坏。第5条是船舶不适航或集装箱不适货。第6条是战争险除外。第7条是关于罢工险和恐怖活动险除外,内容较复杂且对恐怖活动有新的定义。第4条和第5条的修改反映保护善意的买方和保单受让人。1第4.1条:受保人货方之蓄意恶行协会货物条文(A)1/1/09之4.1条实际上是重复1906年《英国海上保险法》Section55(2)的规定,而且在1982年与2009年协会货物条文的文字上没有分别,如果涉及受保人货方的蓄意恶行(wilfulmisconduct)保险人是不会作出赔付。协会货物条文加上这些在英国立法规定了的豁免是因为后者是属于默示地位,这一来在含有明示(第一条)约定承保一切险的保险合约中,解释起来会是分量不足。但如果把这些一切险中不承保的风险都去以明示条文去另外规定作为除外风险的话,这样法律地位就会很明确。什么叫蓄意恶行在最近的一个案例ThomasCookv.AirMalta(1997)2Lloyd’sRep.399中作出定义,可以节录如下:“Whatdoesamounttowilfulmisconduct?Apersonwillfullymisconductshimselfifheknowsandappreciatesthatitismisconductonhispartinthecirc
本文标题:第8章除外风险
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