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语法专题1第一讲英语句子结构分析句子的划分I.根据结构划分:①简单句S+V(主+谓)S+V+P(主+谓+表)S+V+O(主+谓+宾)S+V+o+O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)②并列句and,but,or③复合句:名词从句(宾,主,表,同)副词从句(状语从句)形容词从句(定语从句)II.根据功能划分:陈述句教学重点:1:掌握五种基本句型2:了解除Be以外的其他四种系动词。3:了解接TO和FOR的双宾语的动词有哪些。4:能够区分双宾语和复合宾语得区别。语法专题2疑问句(一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反义疑问句,修辞疑问句)祈使句感叹句III.根据句子成分:单个词汇短语从句一.陈述句(五种句型)1.Iamawebaholic.我是一个网虫。Chattingontheinternetisinteresting.我喜欢网上聊天。2.Internetdatinghurts.网恋有害。3.Ilikechattingonline.我喜欢网上聊天。4.Chattingontheinternetbringsmealotoffun.网上聊天给我带来很多乐趣。5.Wecancallinternetaddictsawebaholic.我们管网上一隐君子叫网虫。语法专题3主语谓语动词五种句型Iamawebaholic表语1.主+谓+表ChattingontheinternetisInteresting表语Internetdatinghurts2.主+谓IlikeChattingonline宾语3.主+谓+宾Chattingontheinternetbringsme间接宾语alotoffun直接宾语4.主+谓+间宾+直宾WecancallInternetaddicts宾语awebaholic宾语补足语5.主+谓+宾语+宾补I.常用作连系动词:①变成,变得:become,come,fall,get,go,grow,run,turn口诀:好是come,坏是go;天气、外貌慢慢grow;流水、金钱缓缓run;颜色、天气大不同turn;Get\become口语化,如果要说就用它.口诀解读:Come一般表示事物由坏变好,结果是好的。如:Dreamscometrue.梦想成真。Go一般表示事物由好变坏,结果是不好的。如:It'ssuchahotdaytodaythatthisdishhasgonesmelly.今天太热了,菜都馊了。Grow表示逐渐变化,强调的是缓慢变化的过程,后面往往接表示天气或外貌变化的静态形容词。如:Iwanttogrowoldwithyou.我想和你一起慢慢变老。Run与grow是对应的,其主语多为能流动,能消耗的东西。如:Stillwaterrunsdeep.静水深流。Turn多接表示颜色和天气的形容词,侧重于表达与之前大不相同。语法专题4如:Theweathersuddenlyturnedhot.天气突然变热了。Inspringthetreesturngreen,theflowerscomeout.春天树变绿了,花开了。Get\become在口语表达时用得比较多,但这二者相比,become相对正式些,其主语既可以是人也可以是物。如:Hegotangryonhearingthenews.听到这个消息,他变得很生气。总之,不管英语多么“变”化多端,万“变”不离其宗。英语学习的终极目标还是为了与人交流,所以多在交流中使用这些“变化”词,才能真正掌握其内涵。系词be它有三,amisare,我(I)用am,you(你)用are,is用于他她它;单数is,复数are,认真做题不出差。(否句be后not加,疑问句,be句首,句尾?不要丢。)②保持某种状态:Continue,keep,lie,remain,stand,stay.③看起来,好像:Appear,look,seem.④感官动词:Feel,smell,sound,taste.II.代双宾语的动词````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````“七给”一“带”to不少,“买”画“制作”for来了。带双宾语的及物动词,如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前,必须在变换时“to”或“for”。这11个及物动词可以概括为下边两句话,读起来妙趣横生,效果很好语法专题51、“七给”(give,pass,lend,write,show,send,hand)和“带”(bring)8个及物动词,在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to”。即“vt.+sth.+to+sb.”如:Helentsomemoneytome.类似动词的还有:get,mail,offer,owe(借),pay,promise,read,sell,take,teach等2、“buy”(买);“draw”(画);“make”(制作)三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须在后边加“for”,构成“vt.+sth.+for+sb.”。如:Motherboughtanewdressforme。类似的动词还有:build,choose,cook,cut,do,find,fix,leave,order(订购),reach等。3、当直接宾语是代词时,间接宾语for和to于直接宾语之后如:Richardmadeitforhim。理查德为他做的这个东西Giveittome。把它给我4、有些动词后可单独用直接宾语、间接宾语或双宾语,如ask,teach,tell,owe,pay.IaskedJohn.我问约翰Iaskedaquestion.我问了一个问题IaskedJohnaquestion.我问了约翰一个问题5、suggest,explain,introduce,mention,deliver,announce等动词后必须跟介词to,不能进行直接宾语与间接宾语的转换。Couldyouexplainyourpointofviewtous?=Couldyouexplaintousyourpointofview?6、易错的动词抢劫/偷某人某物:Rob/stealsb.sth(错误)正确的说法:robsbofsthstealsbfromsth.类似的还有:curesbofillness治愈某人疾病ridsbofsth从----中除去(不好的东西)语法专题6supplysbwithsth供给某人某物providesbwithsth给某人提供某物accusesbofsth控告某人某事cheatsbofsth骗取某人某物inform/advisesbofsth通知某人某事remindsbofsth是某人想起某事warnsbofsth警告某人某情况chargesbwithsth指责某人某事二.疑问句1.一般疑问句Isthisseattaken?Yes,itis/No,itisn’t.需要用yes或no来回答。语序一般为:助动词+主语+谓语?Practice:Haveyoubeenthere?_______________________Didn’tyoutellhimaboutityesterday?_________________2.特殊疑问句你什么时候开始学英语?When……YoubegantostudyEnglish.语法专题7»DidyoubegintostudyEnglish?»»whendidyoubegintostudyEnglish?你在想什么?What……Somethingisinyourmind.»What’sinyourmind?小结:①用who,what,where,which,when,why,how提问。②语序:疑问词+一般疑问句或疑问词+谓语动词。MorePractice:Whattimeisconvenientforyou?你什么时候方便?What’sgoingonhere?发生了什么事?/回事?3.选择疑问句:Doyouliketeaor(doyoulike)coffee?Didyouspeaktothem,ordidthemanager?Whichicecreamwouldyoulike,chocolate,vanillaorstrawberry?1.提供两种或两种以上情形供对方选择。2.不用Yes或no来回答。3.反意疑问句1.附在陈述句之后,对陈述句所说得事实和观点提出疑问。2.一般来说有两种形式:陈述肯定,则所附问句否定;陈述句语法专题8否定,则所附问句肯定。TheEmbarrassedMagician.Magician(toyoungsterhehascalleduponthestage):Now,myboy,youhaveneverseenmebefore,haveyou?Boy:NoDaddy.Youhavecompletedthatjob,haven’tyou?Youhavenotcompletedthatjob,haveyou?三.祈使句:1.用以表示请求,命令,劝告,建议等语气的句子。2.主语You常省略,只以动词原形开头。3.一般没有时态变化,不与情态动词连用。Stopbuggingme.Don’tjudgeabookbyitscover.Don’tgetmewrong.Let’sjusthavearest.Let’shopeforthebest.LetbygonesbebygonesMakehaywhilesunshines.四.感叹句:1.主要由what和how来引导。2.What结构主要有三种语法专题9A.Whata(n)+形容词+可数名词单数+谓语部分!Whatalovelyboyheis!B.What+形容词+不可数名词或可数名词复数+谓语部分!Whatfoolishmistakesyouhavemade.Whatniceweather(itis)!C.What+a(n)+可数名词单数!3.How结构主要有三种:A.How+形容词/副词+主谓部分Howlovelytheboyis!Howfastthetimeflies!B.How+形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数+主谓部分Howlovelyaboyheis!C.How+主谓部分(实义动词做谓语)HowIhateexam!我真烦考试!Howhesnores!他鼾声如雷!(二)practice1.分析下文划线句子的成分Twomenwerestandingatabar.Onemanturnedtotheotherandsaid,“I’llbetyou$100thatIcanbitemylefteye.”Thewager(赌注)wasaccepted,andthemanpoppedouthisglasseyeandbitit.“Now,”hesaid,”Iwillgiveyouachancetowinyourmoneyback.语法专题10I’llbetyouanother$100thatIcanbitemyrighteye.”“hecan’thavetwoglasseyes,”Thoughttheotherman,andheplunked(重重甩下)downhismoney.Thenthefirstmantookouthisfalseteethandbithisrighteye.2.分析下列句子成分,并判断句子结构类型。Timefliesby.I’monadiet.Iownyouone.Itslippedmymind.Oldhabitsdiehard.Ienjoyyourcompany.Ican’tstandtheheat.Chattingontheinternetbringsmealotoffun.HespeaksEnglishwell.TeacherswillmakeyourEnglishbetter.Theyfoundthedeadboy.Theyfoundtheboydead.Ifoundthebookeasily.Ifound
本文标题:第一讲_英语句子结构分析
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