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1第七章立体化学1.区别下列各组概念并举例说明。(略)2.什么是手性分子?下面哪些是手性分子,写出它们的结构式,并用R,S标记其构型:(2)(1)CH2CH2CH3CH2CH3BrHCH2CH2CH3CH2CH3BrHRSCH(CH3)2CH2CH3CH(CH3)2CH2CH3RSClHClH(3)CH2CH2ClCH2CH3ClHCH2CH2ClCH2CH3ClHRS(4)ClCl无手性(5)SRSRClCl无手性(6)ClClClClCH3CH2CCH2CH3ClCH3无手性无手性(7)无手性C=CH2CH3C=CH2CH3H3CH3C3.下列化合物哪些有旋光性?为什么?(1)无(对称面);(2)无(对称面);(3)有;(4)有;(5)无(平面分子);(6)有;(7)无(对称中心);(8)无(对称面)。4.命名下列化合物。(1)R-3-溴-1-戊烯;(2)(2S,3R)-2-甲基-1,3-二氯戊烷;(3)(2R,3R)-2-氯-3-溴戊烷;(4)(2S,3S,4R)-2-氯-3,4-二溴己烷;(5)(1S,2S,4S)-1-甲基-4-异丙基-2-氯环己烷.5.写出下列化合物的构型式:(2)(1)C6H5CH3HOHCH3CH2CH2OHOHHCH3C=CHClCH3CH3CH2OHBrH(3)(4)OHCH3HHO2(7)(6)HBrCH2CH3CH2C6H5HClCH2CH3CH3(5)HBrHCH3CH3CH2CH3OH6.写出下列化合物的所有立体异构体,并用R,S及Z,E表明构型。(1)2,4-二溴戊烷:两个相同的手性碳,有3种异构体;HHCH3CH3HBrBrHBrHHHCH3CH3BrHHHCH3CH3BrHHBr(2R,4S)(2S,4S)(2R,4R)(2)1,2-二苯基-1-氯丙烷:两个不同的手性碳,有4种异构体;HClPhH(1R,2S)(1S,2R)(1R,2R)PhCH3HClHPhPhCH3PhCH3ClHPhHPhCH3HPh(1S,2S)ClH(3)1-甲基-2-乙叉基环戊烷:有旋光异构和顺反异构;(S,E)(S,Z)(R,E)(R,Z)CHCH3CH3HCCH3HCH3HCHCH3CCH3HHCH3HCH3(4)1,2-二氯环丁烷:反式无对称因素,有对映体ClClClClClCl(R,S)(R,R)(S,S)(5)1-氘-1-氯丁烷:一个手性碳,有一对对映体ClCH2CH2CH3DHClCH2CH2CH3HD(S)(R)7.写出下列化合物的费歇尔投影式,并用R,S标定不对称原子。3(3)(1)(2)DHClCH2CH3HCl(4)BrHHCl(S)(2R,3R)CH3CH3BrHFCl(S)OHCH3(S)(7)(5)(6)DH(8)HBrBrHOHHCH3BrHCl(S)CH3C2H5CH3CH3BrH(2S,3S)(2R,3S)CH3CH3OHH(2R,3S)CH2CH3CH38.下列各对化合物哪些属于非对映体,对映体,顺反异构体,构造异构体或同一化合物?(1)对映体;(2)对映体;(3)对映体;(4)对映体;(5)顺反异构;(6)非对映异构;(7)同一化合物;(8)构造异构.9.(1)四种馏分,其构型式如下:CH3HHClCH3CH(CH3)2CH2ClCH2CH3HClHCH3CH2ClCH2CH3CH3CH2CCH3ClCH3CH3CH(CH3)2ABCDCH3CHCH2CH2ClCH3(2)无光学活性的馏分;(3)两种为外消旋体(A,C),两种为无手性碳原子的化合物(B,C)。(4)外消旋体的生成历程如下;ACH3CH3CC2H5HCl2ClCH2CH3CC2H5HCH3CH2CC2H5H+外消旋HCCl外消旋HCH3CCH(CH3)2HCCH(CH3)2CH3ClCl10.(1)S构型;(2)(a)对映体;(b)相同;(c)相同;(d)相同。11.CH3(CH2)12C=CHH(CH2)7CH3CH3(CH2)12C=CH(CH2)7CH3H或4HClCH2CH3CH3Cl2300C。CH3CH2CCH3ClCl+++CH2CH2ClCH3HClCH2CH3CH2ClHClHClCH3CH3HClCH3CH3HCl有手性(S)有手性无手性有手性(R)R-仲丁基氯HCl+无手性(R,S)(R,R)12.(1)HClCH2CH3CH2ClCl2300C。CH3CH2CCH3ClCl+++CH2CH2ClCH3CH2CH2ClCH3HClHClCH3CH3HClCH3CH3HClHCl+(2)CH3CH2CHCH3ClCH2CH3CH2ClHClHCl(S)(R)(R,R)(S,S)外消旋,无手性外消旋,无手性HClCH3CH3HCl内消旋,无手性(R,S)(S)(R)外消旋,无手性CH3ClCH2CH3CH2ClCl2300C。+++CH2CH2ClCH2ClCH2CH2ClCH2ClHCH3CH3ClCH3CH3HCl无手性+(3)CH3CH2CHCH2ClCH3CH2CH3CH2ClHCl(S)(R)(R,R)(S,S)外消旋,无手性外消旋,无手性CH3HCH3CH3HCl(S)(R)外消旋,无手性ClCH2CHCH2CH3CH2ClHCH3CH3CH2ClHCl(R,R)(S,S)外消旋,无手性CH3HCH3CH2ClHCH3CH3H(4)两种馏分:5+HBr(R,S)BrHCH3CH2Br(S,S)CH3CH2BrCH2=CHHBrCH3Br2HBrHBr有手性有手性13.A的结构如下:CH3CCCC=CHCH3HCH3H及其对映体
本文标题:第七章立体化学
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