Artificial-Intelligence

ArtificialIntelligence1.WhatisArtificialIntelligence?Broadlyspeaking,artificialintelligenceisaboutthecreationofhumanintelligentbehavior,andintelligentbehavior,includingperception,reasoning,learning,communication,andbehaviorinacomplexenvironment.Source:NilsJ.Nilsson(1998).ArtificialIntelligenceANewSynthesis(pp.1)Elsevier2.Artificialintelligenceishowitaffectshumansociety?a.EmploymentissuesDuetoavarietyofartificialintelligencecanreplacethehumanmental,willmakesomepeoplehadtochangetheirjobs,andevencauseunemployment.ArtificialIntelligenceinscienceandengineeringapplications,makesomepeoplelosetheopportunitytointerveneinformationprocessingactivities(suchasplanning,diagnosis,understandinganddecision-making,etc.),andevenhadtochangetheirwayofworking.b.ChangesinwaysofthinkingandideasDevelopandpromotetheuseofartificialintelligence,willaffectthehumanwayofthinkingandtraditionalideasandmakethemchange.Forexample,traditionalknowledgeisgenerallyprintedinbooksornewspapersandmagazines,whicharefixed,andknowledgebutknowledgeofartificialintelligencesystemisconstantlyrevised,expandedandupdated.Again,oncetheuserexpertsystemarebeginningtobelievethesystem(intelligentmachines)judgmentsanddecisions,thentheymaybereluctanttoracktheirbrainsbecomelazyandlosealotofproblemsandsolvingtasksofresponsibilityandsensitivity.Studentswhoover-relianceoncalculators,andtheirproactivethinkingandcomputingpowerwillbesignificantlydecreased.Excessiverelianceoncomputerwithoutanyanalysissuggestedaccepted,wouldmakeintelligentmachineuserscognitivedeclineandincreasedmisunderstanding.Inthedesignanddevelopmentofintelligentsystems,shouldtakeintoaccounttheabove-mentionedproblems,toencourageuserstoproblemsolvingintheinitiative,sothattheiractiveparticipationintheproblemsolvingprocessintelligence.c.PsychologicalthreatAIisalsoapartofthemembersofsocietyfeelthreatenedpsychological,orcalledspiritualthreat.Itisgenerallybelievedthatonlyhumanshaveaspiritualperception,andthusthemachinewithanother.Ifoneday,thesepeoplebegantobelievethatthemachinecanalsobethinkingandcreativity,thentheymaybedisappointed,andevenfeelthreatened.Theyworry:Someday,artificialintelligencemachineintelligencewillexceedhumannature,humanityenslavedintelligentmachinesandintelligentsystems.d.DangeroustechnologiesoutofcontrolThebiggestdangerthananynewtechnology,itlostcontrolofthehumanrace,orisitfallingintothehandsofthosewhoattempttousethenewtechnologyagainsthumanity.Somepeopleworrythatartificialintelligence,roboticsandotherthreatstohumansecurityproducts.e.LegalproblemsApplicationofartificialintelligencetechnologynotonlyreplacesthepeoplesomeofthemanuallabor,butalsosomementalworkinsteadofpeople,andsometimesevenwiththeexerciseofthefunctionsservedbypeople,willinevitablyleadtolegaldisputes.Suchasmedicaldiagnosisexpertsystemincaseofmistakes,leadingtomedicalmalpractice,howtodealwith,whetherthedevelopmentofexpertsystemstoberesponsible,bytheuseofexpertsystemsWhatistheresponsibility,andsoon.Source::