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平顶山市质量技术监督检验测试中心第1页共7页火花发射光谱法测定中低合金钢中碳、硅、锰、硫、磷测量结果不确定度评定1目的测量结果受仪器校正、设备稳定、环境变化及人员等因素影响,因此有必要对测量结果进行不确定度评估,以让客户了解测量结果是否符合特定需求,确认测量数据之可信赖及真实的程度。2范围适用于测量C、Si、Mn、S、P不确定度的评定。3参考资料3.1GB/T4336-2002碳素钢和中低合金钢的光电发射光谱分析法3.2JJF1059-1999测量不确定度评定与表示3.3CSM01010105-2006火花源发射光谱法测定低合金钢测量结果不确定度的评定规范4名词解释4.1标准不确定度以标准偏差表示的测量不确定度。4.2扩展不确定度确定测量结果区间的量,合理赋予被测量之值分布的大部分可望含于此区间。5测试方法5.1依据GB/T4336-2002对中低合金钢标样进行测试。5.2环境条件:实验室正常环境(23±5℃,40-80%RH)5.3使用光谱仪测量合金标准样,以评估光谱分析仪之测量不确定度。6建立数学模型根据测量原理及不确定度的来源,建立此测量不确定度评估所需的数学模型:Wm=C其中Wm是被测样品各元素化学成份值,C是仪器显示各元素化学成份平均值,Ii是测量各标准物质元素的光谱强度,ci是相应的元素含量;Ii与相应元素含量ci由最小二乘法回归得线性函数:I=a+bc。7不确定度之误差源与分析火花源发射光谱法测定元素含量不确定度的来源于以下分量:a)测量结果的重复性;b)标准物质标准值的不确定度;c)工作曲线的变动性;d)高低标校正产生的变动性;e)被测样品基体不一致引起的不确定度。根据不确定度来源,且各分量相互独立,因此得到:平顶山市质量技术监督检验测试中心第2页共7页222222()()()()()()relrelarelbrelcreldreleuCuCuCuCuCuC()relauC-测量结果的重复性引入的相对标准不确定度;()relbuC-标准物质标准值引入的相对标准不确定度;()relcuC-工作曲线变动引入的相对标准不确定度;()relduC-标准化校正引入的相对标准不确定度;()releuC-被测样品基体不一致引入的相对标准不确定度。8不确定度分量的计算8.1测量结果重复性分量表1各元素的测量次数及测量结果名称123456平均值标准偏差标准不确定度C/%0.1700.1730.1750.1770.1740.1710.17330.002580.0011Si/%0.2140.2160.2150.2170.2140.2150.21520.00120.0005Mn/%0.9260.9210.9270.9240.9250.9230.92430.00220.0009S/%0.0140.0140.0130.0120.0160.0150.01400.00140.0006P/%0.0370.0340.0330.0350.0360.0340.03480.00150.0006()relauC0.0011/0.1733=0.0063()relauSi0.0005/0.2152=0.0023()relauMn0.0009/0.9243=0.0010()relauS0.0006/0.0140=0.0428()relauP0.0006/0.0348=0.01728.2标准样品的不确定度分量表2标准样品定值参数标样编号元素标准值/%标准偏差/%测量次数标准不确定度/%相对标准不确定度GBW01666C0.1620.00390.00100.0062Si0.1910.00490.00130.0068Mn0.6260.00490.00130.0021平顶山市质量技术监督检验测试中心第3页共7页S0.00960.000290.00010.0104P0.0440.00290.00070.0159GBW01667C0.1370.00390.00100.0073Si0.1050.00490.00130.0124Mn3.740.0490.01330.0036S0.0570.00390.00100.0175P0.0580.00290.00070.0121GBW01668C0.2270.00390.00100.0044Si0.3240.00490.00130.0040Mn0.7710.00690.00200.0026S0.0210.00290.00070.0333P0.0380.00290.00070.0184GBW01669C0.0610.00290.00070.0115Si0.1040.00390.00100.0096Mn2.710.0290.00670.0025S0.0200.00190.00030.0150P0.0490.00390.00100.0204GBW01670C0.1930.00290.00070.0036Si0.2420.00490.00130.0054Mn1.030.0190.00330.0032S0.0270.00190.00030.0111P0.0300.00290.00070.0233各标准样品的标准不确定度(和相对不确定度)各不相同,它们对被测量的影响可用相对不确定度的均方根来表示:222220.00620.00730.00440.01150.0036()5relbuC0.0070222220.00680.01240.00400.00960.0054()5relbuSi0.0082222220.00210.00360.00260.00250.0032()5relbuMn0.0028222220.01040.01750.03330.01500.0111()5relbuS0.0193平顶山市质量技术监督检验测试中心第4页共7页222220.01590.01210.01840.02040.0233()5relbup0.01848.3工作曲线变动产生的分量表3工作曲线测量参数标样编号元素标准值/%光强度比,IiIi-(a+bci)(Ii-(a+bci))2GBW01666C0.1621932,1933,19251,2,-61,4,36Si0.1919850,9865,9841-2,13,-114,169,121Mn0.62615895,15897,15890-1,1,-61,1,36S0.00961112,1147,1106-9,26,-1581,676,225P0.0443684,3676,3697-2,-10,114,100,121GBW01667C0.1371717,1720,1730-1,2,121,4,144Si0.1058246,8231,82378,-7,-164,49,1Mn3.7475054,75063,750384,13,-1216,169,144S0.0573889,3876,38972,-9,104,81,100P0.0584674,4689,4663-1,14,-121,196,144GBW01668C0.2272485,2487,2492-1,1,61,1,36Si0.32412349,12352,123382,5,-94,25,81Mn0.77118648,18661,18657-3,10,69,100,36S0.0211787,1799,17731,13,-71,169,49P0.0383264,3279,32511,16,-121,256,144GBW01669C0.0611069,1073,10631,5,-51,25,25Si0.1048218,8224,8215-1,5,-41,25,16Mn2.7155486,55467,554892,-17,54,289,25S0.0201729,1738,17171,10,-111,100,121P0.0494038,4055,4026-1,16,-131,256,169GBW01670C0.1932195,2196,2192-2,-1,54,1,25Si0.24210813,10800,108165,-8,825,64,64Mn1.0323549,23538,23621-21,-32,51441,1024,2601S0.0272142,2132,21396,-4,336,16,9P0.0302693,2701,2697-5,3,-125,9,1根据测量数据,各元素工作曲线的回归方程分别为:C式:5488540IiCi、r0.99996,Si式:626818762IiCi、r0.99997Mn式:400518996IiCi、r0.99992,S式:56158352IiCi、r0.99993P式:57970626IiCi、r0.99989.以C元素为例计算,被测量C的标准不确定度为:平顶山市质量技术监督检验测试中心第5页共7页22111()()()RniisccucbPncc式中:21(())2niiiRIabcsnn=5×3=15,从测量数据可得21(())niiiIabc309,309152Rs=4.8751niiccn0.156,21()niicc0.0158,c0.1733%2()cc(0.1733-0.156)2=0.0003,P=6×2=12由此,4.875110.0003()854012150.0158uc0.00023,()0.00023/0.1733relcuC0.0013同理可计算()0.00016/0.2152relcuSi0.0007()0.0005/0.9243relcuMn0.0005()0.0001/0.0140relcuS0.0071()0.0001/0.0348relcuP0.00298.4标准化校正变动产生的分量本方法采用GBW01666和GBW01670进行标准化。它们校正时产生的变动性可引用绘制工作曲线时该两点的测量数据相对不确定度均方根表示。表4标准化测定参数元素标准偏差标准不确定度相对标准不确定度GBW01666GBW01670GBW01666GBW01670GBW01666GBW01670C4.35892.08172.51661.20190.00130.00055Si12.12448.50497.00004.91030.000710.00045Mn3.605645.08142.081726.02780.000130.0011平顶山市质量技术监督检验测试中心第6页共7页S22.14355.131612.78462.96270.01140.0014P10.59874.0006.11922.30940.00170.00086220.00130.00055()2relduC0.0010220.000710.00045()2relduSi0.0006220.000130.0011()2relduMn0.0008220.01140.0014()2relduS0.0081220.00170.00086()2relduP0.00138.5基体不一致产生的分量设样品和标准物质的铁量相差为1%,按均匀分布,铁量差异的标准不确定度()reluFe=1/3=0.58%。假定铁的平均浓度为95%,()()()()()relerelerelerelereleuCuSiuMnuSuP0.58/95=0.0061.8.6其他影响因素由于仪器光谱强度的读数数以千计、万计,光强读数的变动在十位数变化,因此仪器显示值分辨力的标准不确定度可以忽略不计。9合成标准不确定度评定各不确定度分量不相关,以各分量的相对不确定度的方和根计算合成相对不确定度:22222()()()()()()relrelarelbrelcreldreleuCuCuCuCuCuC222220.00630.00700.00130.
本文标题:火花发射光谱法测定中低合金钢不确定度评定
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