环境工程英语Unit6--ppt

Unit6EffectsonClimateandEcologicalEnvironment•AfterUnit6,thstudentsshouldunderstand:•-thesourcesandtypesofgreenhousegases•-theconceptofgreenhousegaseffect•-effectsofgreenhouseeffectonclimatechange•-theinternationaleffortsincontrollinggreenhouseeffect•IGreenhouseeffect•1-isanaturalwarmingprocessoftheearth.Whenthesun'senergyreachestheearthsomeofitisreflectedbacktospaceandtherestisabsorbed.Theabsorbedenergywarmstheearth'ssurfacewhichthenemitsheatenergybacktowardspaceaslongwaveradiation.Thisoutgoinglongwaveradiationispartiallytrappedbygreenhousegasessuchascarbondioxide,methaneandwatervapourwhichthenradiatetheenergyinalldirections,warmingtheearth'ssurfaceandatmosphere.•••2Consequencesofthegreenhouseeffect•Sealevelsrise,possiblyasmuchastwofeet,bytheendofnextcentury.•Risingtemperaturescouldleadtochangesinregionalwindsystemswhichwouldinfluenceglobalrainfalldistributionandleadtotheredistributionandfrequencyoffloods,droughtsandforestfires.Windstormsandhurricanescouldbecomemorefrequentandmoreintense.•Increasedseatemperatureswouldcausecoralbleachingandthedestructionofcoralreefsaroundtheworld.•Climatechangewouldcreatefavorableconditionsforgrowthininsectpopulations.Thiswouldlikelyhaveanegativeeffectonagricultureandhumanhealth,andresultinaspreadofmalariaandothertropicaldiseases.•Watersupplieswouldbecomedisruptedinsomeregions,particularlyinalreadyvulnerable,aridareas.•IINewWordsandExpressions•CO2induced,CO2引起的climaticmodel气候模型,naturalfluctuationinclimate气候的自然波动,•-tobewellrecognized得到很好认可•-tobecharacterizedas表示….特性,刻画…性格•-tobecharacterizedby具有….特征•-intheshortterm/longterm短期/长期•-takeintoaccount考虑•-contributeto贡献•-withsomethinginmind记住•IIIKyotoProtocol•-1992,theWorldSummitonEnvironmentandDevelopment,153nationssignedTHEUNITEDNATIONSFRAMEWORKCONVENTIONONCLIMATECHANGE,effectivein1995••-1997,KyotoProtocol-outcomeof1997,morethan160nationsmetinKyoto,Japan,tonegotiatebindinglimitationsongreenhousegasesforthedevelopednations,pursuanttotheobjectivesoftheFrameworkConventiononClimateChangeof1992.•-Commitment:thedevelopednationsagreedtolimittheirgreenhousegasemissions,relativetothelevelsemittedin1990.•-Maingreenhousegases•CO2-CarbondioxideCH4-MethaneN2O-NitrousoxidePFCs-Perfluorocarbons(全氟化碳)HFCs-Hydrofluorocarbons(氟化烃)SF6-Sulphurhexafluoride(六氟化硫)•-CDM•1)WhyCDMisneeded?•Duethedifficultyofactualreductions,theProtocolallowsfortheuseofseveralmarket-basedflexibilitymechanismsthatallowAnnexIcountriestosupplementtheirdomesticeffortswithinvestmentsinemissionsreducingactivitiesabroadincludingJointImplementation,theCleanDevelopmentMechanism,andemissionstrading.Ofmostrelevancetodevelopingcountries,withoutformalemissionsreductionobligationsundertheKyotoProtocol.••-CDMcontents:•industrializedcountriesandcompaniescanpursueclimatemitigationprojectsindevelopingcountriesandreceiveoffsetcreditsthatcanbeappliedagainsttheirownemissionstargets.Morespecifically,TheCDMallowsgovernmentsorprivateentitiesinindustrializedcountriestoimplementemissionreductionprojectsindevelopingcountriesinordertomeettheiremissionobjectives.•Theseindustrializednationsreceivecreditfortheseprojectsintheformofcertifiedemissionsreductions(CERs).•-identifyCDMprojects:IVQuizforUnit61Whichofthefollowingcanincreasetheamountofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere?a)automobileexhaustb)deforestationc)alloftheseanswersarecorrectd)industrialburningoffossilfuels•2ThenaturalheatingofEarth’ssurfacebytheatmosphereiscalled----.•a)thegreenhouseeffect•b)ozonehole•c)ELNino•d)globalwarming•3Thereareseveraldifferenttypesofairpollutants,whichoneisthemostprevalentinChongqing?•a)Ozone(O3)b)respiratoryparticulate•c)Nitrogendioxide(NO2)d)SO2•4Whichofthefollowingadversehealthconditionis(are)relatedtoairpollution?•a)Bronchitisb)asthmac)lungcancer•d)alloftheabove•5Atoxicologistsearchesforarelationshipbetween•a)airpollutantsb)doseandresponse•c)cancersandnon-cancerousdisease•d)sicknessandhealth•VTranslationexercises•1重庆发电厂对重庆的大气排放削减•贡献了50%.••2可持续发展理论在国际上得到广泛认可•3CO2排放量每年以20%递增.•4重庆常常被描绘成大农村•5CO2不断上升的趋势可望在2010得到改变Unit7ConventionalControlofAirPollutionControl•Afterthisunit,thestudentsshouldbeableto:•-tounderstandprincipalsmeansforcontrolofparticulateemissions•-describeanequipmentortechnology•IBackgroundinformationtoairpollutioncontrolmeasures•1IPPC•-optimizeindustrialstructureandindustrialarrangement•-improveenergyefficiency•-thedevelopmentandutilizationofrenewableenergy•-industrialpollutioncontrol•-enhanceairqualitymanagement••2EmissionAbatement•1twocategoriesofabatementoptions:•-technological•-socio-economic•2Emissioncontrolandemissionprevention•Emissioncontrol-operatesmainlyonthesupplysideofenergysectorandgenerallyproceedsviatheapplicationofadds-ontreatment(suchascoalwashing)orendofpipetechniques(suchasfluegasdesulfurization).•Emissionprevention-operatesasmuchasthedemandsideasitdoesonthesupplysideandcanleadtoeconomicsavingintheeconomyasawhole.•3Emissionpreventionmeasures-rationalplanningandarrangement•(suchasenvironmentalplanningandEIA)•-environmentalmeasurement•1)environmentallegislation-basis•2)environmentalmonitoring-t