电子教案Unit3

司爱侠张强华宋德富张美兰编著《计算机英语实用教程》电子教案☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆Unit3Memory【教学目的】○LearnabouttheEnglishtermsofthememory,includingIC,memorytypes,MIPS,chipset,flashmemory,memorycycletime,DRAM,SDRAM,registeredmemory,staticRandomAccessMemory,EEPROM,virtualmemory,bandwidth,cache,parityandetc.○Improvethestudents’abilitytounderstandthelonganddifficultsentencesinthetext.○Masterthekeylanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructuresinthetext.○consolidatethetechnicaltermsandimportantprofessionalphrasebydoingexercises.【教学重点难点】○Importanttechnicalterms:chipset(芯片组)，flashmemory（闪存），memorycycletime（内存周期时间），registeredmemory（寄存器内存），staticRandomAccessMemory（静态随机访问存储器），virtualmemory（虚拟内存），bandwidth（带宽），cache（高速缓冲存储器），parity（奇偶校验），non-volatilememory（非永久性存储器）○Abbreviation:IC,MIPS,DRAM,SDRAM,EEPROM,SDRAM○Difficultsentences:1.Atinycomplexofelectroniccomponentsandtheirconnectionsthatisproducedinoronasmallsliceofmaterial(suchassilicon)2.“Dynamic”meanstheDRAMsneedaconstant“refresh”(pulseofcurrentthroughallofthememorycells)tokeepthestoredinformation.3.Synchronousdynamicrandomaccessmemorydeliversburstsofdataathighspeedsusingasynchronousinterface.4.Registersdelaymemoryinformationforoneclockcycletoensureallcommunicationfromthechipsetiscollectedbytheclockedge,providingacontrolleddelayonheavilyloadedmemories.5.Itismeasuredfromthetimethatanaddressandpropercontrolsignalsaregiven,untiltheinformationisstoredorplacedinthedevice’soutput(s).○ReviewtheimportantpointsofessentialEnglishbereferredtoaswiththeexceptionthatinthat【教学步骤】StepOneReadandexplainTextAtothestudentsandaskthestudentstokeepinmindthefollowingprofessionalterms:1.ChipSet:Anumberofintegratedcircuitsdesignedtoperformoneormorerelatedfunctions.Forexample,onechipsetmayprovidethebasicfunctionsofamodemwhileanotherprovidestheCPUfunctionsforacomputer.Newerchipsetsgenerallyincludefunctionsprovidedby司爱侠张强华宋德富张美兰编著《计算机英语实用教程》电子教案☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆twoormoreolderchipsets.Insomecases,olderchipsetsthatrequiredtwoormorephysicalchipscanbereplacedwithachipsetononechip.2.FlashMemory:AspecialtypeofEEPROMthatcanbeerasedandreprogrammedinblocksinsteadofonebyteatatime.ManymodernPCshavetheirBIOSstoredonaflashmemorychipsothatitcaneasilybeupdatedifnecessary.SuchaBIOSissometimescalledaflashBIOS.Flashmemoryisalsopopularinmodemsbecauseitenablesthemodemmanufacturertosupportnewprotocolsastheybecomestandardized.FlashmemoryisalsocalledflashRAM.3.MemoryCycleTime:Thetimeittakestoperformonememorycycle---aseriesofoperationsthattakeplacetoreadorwriteabyteofmemory.Fordestructivememories,itincludestheregenerationofthebits.4.RegisteredMemory:Registeredmemorymoduleshavebuilt-inregistersontheiraddressandcontrollines.Aregisterisaverysmalltemporaryholdingarea(usually64bits)fordata.TheseregistersactasbuffersbetweentheCPUandthememory.Theuseofregisteredmemoryincreasessystemreliability,butalsoslowsthesystemdownaveryslightbitasdatamustbemovedthroughtheregisters.Somesystemsdonotsupportregisteredmemory,othersrequireregisteredmemory,andmanymoregiveyoutheoptiontouseregisteredorunregisteredmemory.Theuseofregisteredmemoryisrecommendedforserver-classsystems.Itisnotusefulongamingsystems.Registeredmemoryisalsoknownasbufferedmemory.Unregisteredmemoryisalsoknownasunbufferedmemory.5.SRAM(staticRAM):israndomaccessmemory(RAM)thatretainsdatabitsinitsmemoryaslongaspowerisbeingsupplied.UnlikedynamicRAM(DRAM),whichstoresbitsincellsconsistingofacapacitorandatransistor,SRAMdoesnothavetobeperiodicallyrefreshed.StaticRAMprovides…6.VirtualMemory:Animaginarymemoryareasupportedbysomeoperatingsystems(forexample,WindowsbutnotDOS)inconjunctionwiththehardware.Youcanthinkofvirtualmemoryasanalternatesetofmemoryaddresses.Programsusethesevirtualaddressesratherthanrealaddressestostoreinstructionsanddata.Whentheprogramisactuallyexecuted,thevirtualaddressesareconvertedintorealmemoryaddresses.Thepurposeofvirtualmemoryistoenlargetheaddressspace,thesetofaddressesaprogramcanutilize.Forexample,virtualmemorymightcontaintwiceasmanyaddressesasmainmemory.Aprogramusingallofvirtualmemory,therefore,wouldnotbeabletofitinmainmemoryallatonce.Nevertheless,thecomputercouldexecutesuchaprogrambycopyingintomainmemorythoseportionsoftheprogramneededatanygivenpointduringexecution.司爱侠张强华宋德富张美兰编著《计算机英语实用教程》电子教案☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆7.bandwidth:(1)Arangewithinabandoffrequenciesorwavelengths.(2)Theamountofdatathatcanbetransmittedinafixedamountoftime.Fordigitaldevices,thebandwidthisusuallyexpressedinbitspersecond(bps)orbytespersecond.Foranalogdevices,thebandwidthisexpressedincyclespersecond,orHertz(Hz).8.cache:aspecialhigh-speedstoragemechanism.Itcanbeeitherareservedsectionofmainmemoryoranindependenthigh-speedstoragedevice.Twotypesofcachingarecommonlyusedinpersonalcomputers:memorycachinganddiskcaching.9.parity:Thequalityofbeingeitheroddoreven.Thefactthatallnumbershaveaparityiscommonlyusedindatacommunicationstoensurethevalidityofdata.Thisiscalledparitychecking.10.non-volatilememory:Typesofmemoryth