东印度洋2西太平洋暖池的年代际变化特征研究

2X1,3,2XX,2(1.,100081;2.,266100;3.,315154):19582002SODA(SimpleOceanDataAssimilation),2(2),27.527.5,,10a19761986,19761986;,;,60m,,,,,:;;;;:P732.3:A:167225174(2007)0425252082,2(2),2,ENSO(ElNino2SouthernOscillation),[1],,,10a,1976[2],1976,2ENSO,[3],(PDO)[4],ENSO2,PDO,SODA[526],,2,,1BETA23SODA,19581200412,0.5()0.5(),40,:5m,15m,25m,35m,46m,57m,70m,82m,96m,112m,129m,148m,171m,197m,229m,268m,317m,381m,465m,579m,729m,918m,1139m,1378m,1625m,1875m,2125m,2375m,2624m,2874m,3124m,3374m,3624m,3874m,4124m,4374m,4624m,4874m,5124m5374m2,,2,SST(2828.5)SST[7219],XXX:E2mail:[e-mail]:(2006CB403603);(NCET20520591);(IAP07308);(B07036):2007201231;:2007204203:(19722),,E2mail:[e-mail]37420077PERIODICALOFOCEANUNIVERSITYOFCHINA37(4):525532July,2007,,,:WPIc:WPIc=i,j,k(st-27.5),stk(i,j),(x),(x)=1,x00,x0,27.527.5,:(1),27.5[20],,,26.5CISK;(2)27.5[18](1),,1(19582004)2(a)2(b)Fig.1Climatologicalmean(19582004)depth2longitudecross2section(a)anddepth2latitudecross2section(b)ofthetropicalseatemperature(1211227.5,13,46,79,1012Thecolorcontoursdenotethe27.5isothermfromJanuarytoDecember),1(1a)(1b),30N,2,,11227.5(2),2,20(2a),50m,(2b)110E,,WPIs:,,WPIs=i,j,k(st-27.5)(st-27.5),,2()11227.5Fig.2Climatologicalmeanseatemperature(shading)and27.5isothermfromJanuarytoDecemberatdifferentdepths625200733.13()()(3a)(3b),,,0.89,0.95,0.55,99%3(a)(b)Fig.3Timeseriesofthecubicindex(a)andintensityindex(b)oftheIndianOceanandWesternPacificwarmpool(,ThesolidlineisthewesternPacificwarmpoolindexandtheshadedbarsdenotethevariationoftheIndianOceanwarmpoolindex)(4),10a1970,19801980,37a,0.8,,,2(4b,d),10a,,,24a(4c),ElNino,1972/73,1976/77,1982/83,1986/87,1991/92,1997/98,2002/03ElNino,(3),ElNino,1970,,ENSO,;,(4d),3.23,19591976,1987,,1976198611a,,195919761987200417,(5)(5a),511,28,,,,,19872004,115,82,19591976(5b),4,5,,5(5c);(5c),311,3,11,198011,37254,:24(a,b)(c,d)Fig.4WaveletanalysisforthewesternPacific(a,b)andIndianOcean(c,d)warmpoolintensityindies((a)(c)2,(b)(d),95%(a,c)(b,d),(:)Figures(a)and(c)arefrequency2timecrosssectionsofthewaveletrealpart,andfigures(b,d)showtheresultsofglobalpowerspectrumanalysis,inwhichthedashedlinesdenotethecurvesthatexceed95%confidencelevelofrednoise.They2axesinfigures(a,c)andx2axesinfigures(b,d)denotewaveletscales,andthevaluesontheleftorbelowtheaxesarethecorrespondingperiods.(unit:year))5(a)(b)(19591976)(19872004)(c)Fig.5SeasonalcyclesofthewesternPacificwarmpoolintensityindex(a)andIndianOceanwarmpoolindex(b)before(19591976)andafter(19872004)interdecadalclimateshiftanddifferencebetweenthetwoperiodsof19591976and19872004((a)(b)()()19591976(19872004),(c)()()()()Infigures(a)and(b)theblue(pink)linedenotestheseasonalvariabilityofthewarmpoolindexaveragedin19591976(19872004),whiletheblue(pink)lineinfigure(c)denotesthedifferenceofthewesternPacific(IndianOcean)warmpoolindexbetweenthetwoperiodsmentionedabove)82520073.32(),22535m(0.9),2535m262,()(),,2,21980,,[21],;,,(PDO)[4],26(19591976)(19872004)(a)5m;(b)35m;(c)57m;(d)82mFig.6Differenceofseatemperaturebetweenthe19591976periodmeanand19872004periodmeanovertheIndianOceanandPacificatdepthsof(a)5m;(b)35m;(c)57m;and(d)82m,respectively(()19591976(19872004)27.5Thegreen(rose)solidlinedenotes27.5isothermsaveragedduring19591976(19862004)),6,5060m,,722,,,60m,,(7b)(7a),2,,80100m,20;,160m,[22],27.5,27.5209254,:2,(),(),(),(),(),(),(),()(),,,,,,(170E)(170E),,,,,,,,7(19591976)(19872004)22(a)2(b)Fig.7Differenceofseatemperaturecrosssectionsoflongitude2depth(a)andlatitude2depth(b)betweenthe19591976periodmeanand19872004periodmeanovertheIndianOceanandPacific(,,()19591976(19872004)27.520Theshadedareasareseatemperatureanomalies,theblackthinsolidlinesdenoteclimatologicalseatemperatures,andthegreen(rose)thicksolidlinesdenote27.5and20isothermsaveragedduringcold(warm)periodsof19591976(19862004))4,SODA,,,27.5,27.527.5,,2,10a19701980,19701980,,,,,,,;,311,198011,32,035200721980,,PDO;;60m,,,,,,,,,,,,:[1],.[J].,1999,l23:5132521.[2]MillerAJ,CayanDR,BarnettTP,etal.The1976277climateshiftofthePacificOcean[J].Oceanography,1994,7:21226.[3]AnSI,WangB.InterdecadalchangeofthestructureofENSOmodeanditsimpactontheENSOfrequency[J].JClimate,2000,13:204422055.[4]ZhangY,WallaceJM,BattistiDS.ENSO2likeinterdecadalvariabil2ity:1900293[J].JournalofClimate,1997,10:100421020.[5]CartonJA,ChepurinG,CaoX.Asimpleoceandataassimilationanalysisoftheglobalupperocean195021995Part2:results[J].JPhysOceanogr,2000a,30:3112326.[6]CartonJA,ChepurinG,CaoX,etal.Asimpleoceandataassimila2tionanalysisoftheglobalupperocean195021995,Part1:methodolo2gy[J].JPhysOceanogr,2000b,30:2942309.[7]WyrtkiK.SomethoughtsabouttheWestPacificPool[C].Proceed2ingsofthetheWesternPacificinternationalMeetingandWorkshoponYOGA2COARE.Noumea,NewCaledonia:ORSTOM,1989:992109.[8]WebsterPJ,LucasR.TOGACOARE:Thecoupledocean2atmo2sphereresponseexperiment[J].BullAmerMeteorSoc,1992,73:137721416.[9],.[J].,1994,18:1412151.[10],,,SST[J].,2001,32(4):3492354.[11],.[J].,1997,38:31238.[12],,.[J].,1998,40:35240.[13],.[J],,1999,34(1):40249.[14],,.[J].,1998,53(6):5112519.[15],.[J].,1998,56:6192626.[16],.[J].,1998,35:675