2019考研英语一真题及参考答案

英语（一）试题-1-（共14页）SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Today,weliveinaworldwhereGPSsystems,digitalmaps,andothernavigationappsareallavailableonoursmartphones.1ofusjustwalkstraightintothewoodswithoutaphone.Butphones2onbatteries,andbatteriescandiefasterthanwerealize.3yougetlostwithoutaphoneoracompass,andyou4can’tfindnorth,afewtricksmayhelpyounavigate5tocivilization,oneofwhichistofollowtheland.Whenyoufindyourself6atrail,butnotinacompletely7areaofland,youhavetoanswertwoquestions:Which8isdownhill,inthisparticulararea?Andwhereisthenearestwatersource?Humansoverwhelminglyliveinvalleys,andonsuppliesoffreshwater.9,ifyouheaddownhill,andfollowanyH2Oyoufind,youshould10seesignsofpeople.Ifyou’veexploredtheareabefore,keepaneyeoutforfamiliarsights–youmaybe11howquicklyidentifyingadistinctiverockortreecanrestoreyourbearings.Another12:Climbhighandlookforsignsofhumanhabitation.13,evenindenseforest,youshouldbeableto14gapsinthetreelineduetoroads,traintracks,andotherpathspeoplecarve15thewoods.Headtowardthese16tofindawayout.Atnight,scanthehorizonfor17lightsources,suchasfiresandstreetlights,thenwalktowardtheglowoflightpollution.18,assumingyou’relostinanareahumanstendtofrequent,lookforthe19weleaveonthelandscape.Trailblazes,tiretracks,andotherfeaturescan20youtocivilization.英语（一）试题-2-（共14页）1.A.FewB.MostC.SomeD.All2.A.putB.takeC.runD.come3.A.SinceB.UntilC.ThoughD.If4.A.formallyB.literallyC.graduallyD.relatively5.A.aroundB.awayC.backD.next6.A.ontoB.alongC.acrossD.off7.A.unattractiveB.unfamiliarC.unchangedD.uncrowded8.A.wayB.pointC.siteD.place9.A.InsteadB.YetC.SoD.Besides10.A.immediatelyB.eventuallyC.unexpectedlyD.intentionally11.A.frightenedB.annoyedC.surprisedD.confused12.A.problemB.resultC.viewD.option13.A.AboveallB.ForexampleC.OnaverageD.Incontrast14.A.spotB.avoidC.bridgeD.separate15.A.fromB.underC.beyondD.through16.A.postsB.breaksC.shadesD.links17.A.hiddenB.mysteriousC.artificialD.limited18.A.FinallyB.ConsequentlyC.IncidentallyD.Generally19.A.memoriesB.belongingsC.notesD.marks20.A.leadB.adaptC.restrictD.exposeSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)英语（一）试题-3-（共14页）Text1FinancialregulatorsinBritainhaveimposedaratherunusualruleonthebossesofbigbanks.Startingnextyear,anyguaranteedbonusoftopexecutivescouldbedelayed10yearsiftheirbanksareunderinvestigationforwrongdoing.Themainpurposeofthis“clawback”ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisk-takingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitutions.Yetofficialsalsohopeforamuchlargerbenefit:morelong-termdecision-making,notonlybybanksbutbyallcorporations,tobuildastrongereconomyforfuturegenerations.“Short-termism,”orthedesireforquickprofits,hasworsenedinpubliclytradedcompanies,saystheBankofEngland’stopeconomist,AndrewHaldane.Hequotesagiantofclassicaleconomics,AlfredMarshall,indescribingthisfinancialimpatienceasactinglike“childrenwhopicktheplumsoutoftheirpuddingtoeatthematonce”ratherthanputtingthemasidetobeeatenlast.TheaveragetimeforholdingastockinboththeUnitedStatesandBritain,henotes,hasdroppedfromsevenyearstosevenmonthsinrecentdecades.Transientinvestors,whodemandhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirm’seffortstoinvestinlong-termresearchortobuildupcustomerloyalty.Thishasbeendubbed“quarterlycapitalism.”Inaddition,newdigitaltechnologieshaveallowedmorerapidtradingofequities,quickeruseofinformation,andthusshorterattentionspansinfinancialmarkets.“Thereseemstobeapredominanceofshort-termthinkingattheexpenseoflong-terminvesting,”saidCommissionerDanielGallagheroftheUSSecuritiesandExchangeCommissioninaspeechthisweek.IntheUS,theSarbanes-OxleyActof2002haspushedmostpubliccompaniestodeferperformancebonusesforseniorexecutivesbyaboutayear,slightlyhelpingreduce“short-termism.”InitslatestsurveyofCEOpay,TheWallStreetJournalfindsthat“asubstantialpart”ofexecutivepayisnowtiedtoperformance.Muchmorecouldbedonetoencourage“long-termism,”suchaschangesinthetaxcodeandquickerdisclosureofstockacquisitions.InFrance,shareholderswhoholdontoacompanyinvestmentforatleasttwoyearscansometimesearnmorevotingrightsinacompany.Withincompanies,therightcompensationdesigncanprovideincentivesforexecutivestothinkbeyondtheirowntimeatthecompanyandonbehalfofallstakeholders.Britain’snewruleisaremindertobankersthatsocietyhasaninterestintheirperformance,notjustfortheshorttermbutforthelongterm.英语（一）试题-4-（共14页）21.AccordingtoParagraph1,onemotiveinimposingthenewruleistoA.guaranteethebonusesoftopexecutives.B.enhancebankers’senseofresponsibility.C.buildanewsystemoffinancialregulation.D.helpcorporationsachievelargerprofits.22.AlfredMarshallisquotedtoindicateA.thesolidstructureofpubliclytradedcompanies.B.governments’impatienceindecision-making.C.theconditionsforgeneratingquickprofits.D.“short-termism”ineconomicactivities.23.ItisarguedthattheinfluenceoftransientinvestmentonpubliccompaniescanbeA.minimal.B.indirect.C.adverse.D.temporary.24.