汉译英翻译技巧

[键入文字]1Theory：TranslationProcess1.Thecomprehension1)Nida:translationprocessconsistsinanalysis,translating,re-constitutingandchecking.2)toreadthetextcarefullyandhaveacorrectunderstanding3)tounderstandwordmeaning4)toseekhelpfromdictionary5)toattendtotheroleoflogic6)toknowtheroleofcontext汉英短语比较：1、汉词英译法：翻译词，基本任务是词义的对应转换，形式问题是第二位的任务。对应，又称“直译法。”但必须受一词多义和惯用法等机制的调节。如：佳期weddingday，佳人beautifulwoman，佳节joyfulfestival，佳句well-turnedphrase，佳音goodnews，佳肴daintyfood2阐释，主要是难以取得双语对应契合时，义恰如其分的铺衍方式加以解释，常见的是文化隔膜形成的对应障碍。如：城楼toweroveracitygate民工irregularlaborerworkingonapublicproject/migrantworker留用人员personnelkeptonafterreshuffle民乐traditionalinstrumentalmusic井底之蛙afrogsittingatthebottomofadriedwell/personwithverynarrowoutlook夜郎自大beblindedbypresumptuousself-conceit空城计undefendedcity,astratagemofputtingupabluff3引申，由一般的、泛指词义到具体的、特指词义的引申如：时令season太平间mortuary清茶greentea/teaservedwithoutrefreshments轻生commitsuicide体魄健壮的男孩anathleticboy由具体的、特指词义到一般的、泛指词义的引申。如：连珠inrapidsuccession文盲illiteracy十二万分地（感激）extremely慢镜头slowmotion微笑外交并非在五湖四海都奏效。Smilediplomacy,then,isworking,butnoteverywhere.我们客栈热诚欢迎来自五湖四海的朋友！Ourhotelwelcomesfriendsfromallovertheworld!4转换：词类转换，句中肯、否定式的转换，例：人生琐事thelittlenothingsoflife等闲视之thinknothingof家常便饭makenothingof请来吃顿家常便饭。Comealongandtakepotluck在北京，堵车是家常便饭。BeinBeijing,blockingacarupiscommonoccurrence.5.淡化（虚化）“闹名利”译为：beoutforfameandgain[键入文字]2“咬耳朵”whisperinsb.’sear“洗耳恭听”listenwithattentiveears6.融合：紧缩语义的代偿手段如：大小size，长短length，轻重weight始终allalong好歹:whatisgoodandwhat’sbad事有曲直：rightandwrong例1别理他，这人不知好歹。Don'tlistentohim–hedoesn'tknowrightfromwrong.例2万一她有个好歹，请立刻打电话给我。Ifsomethingshouldhappentoher,pleaseringmeupatonce.例3Don'tcookusanythingmore.We'llhavewhateverthereis.7.替代目不识丁notknowone’sABC天字第一号A1裙带风nepotism中药三七pseudo-ginseng（西洋参）金不换precious(bemorevaluablethangold)8.音译：商标：百事可乐PepsiCola；万事达Master9.注释(exegesis)：最常用的是音译加注（汉语范畴词categoryword）disco迪斯科舞hamburg汉堡包Benz奔驰车TheTimes《泰晤士报》春秋战国SpringandAutumnPeriodandthePeriodofWarringStates，铁观音IronGuanyinteaToursim名山大川famousmountainsandgreatrivers名胜古迹scenicspotsandhistoricalsites湖光山色landscapeoflakesandhills青山绿水greenhillsandclearwaters奇松怪石strangely-shapedpinesandgrotesquerockformations鱼米之乡alandofmilkandhoney世外桃源ahavenofpeaceBeltsofparklandlinethreesidesoftheareaandfourlargeopensquaresoflawnandtreesbreaktheregularityofthecitybuildings.该地区三面与公园带相连，四大开阔的广场有草坪有树木，打破了城市建筑的规律性。城区三面绿地环绕，四大广场草坪开阔，碧草绿树掩映，打破了城区建筑的单一布局。[键入文字]3Eating吃喜酒attendtheweddingbanquet吃药takemedicine（下棋）吃掉一个子takeapiece吃掉敌人一个团annihilateanenemyregiment连吃败仗sufferonedefeatafteranother推上吃了一枪getshotintheleg吃闭门羹bedeniedentranceatthedoor;berefusedadmissionasanunwelcomeguestbeleftoutinthecold吃醋bejealous吃官司besued/involveinalegalaction吃耳光getaslapintheface吃回扣getcommission这种纸不吃墨水。Thiskindofpaperdoesn’tabsorbink.茄子很吃油。Eggplantcallsforalotofoilincooking.我可不吃这一套。Iwon’ttakeallthislyingdown.他不务正业，专吃白食。Hedoesnotdoanyhonestworkandlivesoffothers.你这老一套现在可吃不开了。Youroldwayofdoingthingswon’tworknow.这件事你如果说出去，我叫你吃不了兜着走。Ifyouletthisleakout,I’llmakeyousorryforit.走这么多的路，恐怕你吃不消。Itmaybetoomuchforyoutowalksuchalongway.吃得苦中苦，方为人上人。Onlythosewhoendurethemostbecomethehighest.再重的卡车，这座桥也吃得住。Thisbridgecanbeartheweightoftheheaviestlorry.你别想吃她豆腐。Don’ttrytoflirtwithher.他要请我们吃馆子。Heisgoingtoinviteusouttodinner.你要先考虑清楚，免得吃后悔药。Thinkitoverbeforeyougosothatyouwon’tregretitlater.形势吃紧。Thesituationwascritical.他那坚强的毅力使人吃惊。Hiswillpowerisamazing.他工作努力，能吃苦。Hewashard-workingandunafraidofhardships.他跑得不快，踢足球吃亏。Hecan’trunfastandthatputshimatadisadvantageasafootballer.我跑了一天路，感到吃力。Afteralongday’sjourney,Ileftexhausted.只要技术好，到哪儿都吃得开。Apersonwhohasexpertiseiswelcomeanywhere.吃一堑，长一智。Afallintoapit,againinyourwit.