植物中镉累积与土壤残留的相关性分析

I植物中镉累积与土壤残留的相关性分析摘要本实验采用土培的方法，选定了8种不同的植物分春秋两季种植，分析比较了其地上部、地下部对镉的吸收累积与土壤中残留的相关性，以及不同的pH值对植物吸收累积镉的影响。结论如下：不同种类植物在酸、碱性条件下长势基本一致，酸性条件下植物的鲜干重略高于碱性土壤，但不同种类植物的镉累积量存在有很大差异，镉含量最高的品种是茼蒿，浓度为71.51mg/kg，镉含量最低的品种是小葱，浓度为68.05mg/kg，二者相差3.46mg/kg；土壤中镉的残留量与土壤中镉的浓度以及生物量有关，生物量越大，镉的浓度越高，土壤中镉的残留量就越低，植物体对镉的吸收累积量越高；植物的富集系数反应了植物对元素富集能力的大小，8种植物的镉元素富集能力从大到小依次是茼蒿、小青菜、生菜、菠菜、油麦菜、白萝卜、空心菜、小葱。植物的转运系数反应植物从地下部到地上部的转运能力，转运系数越大，表示植物通过根部吸收的镉转运到茎叶部越多，地上部对镉的累积能力越强。关键词：镉；吸收累积；富集系数；转运系数IICorrelationanalysisofcadmiumenrichmentinplantsandsoilresidualAbstractThisexperimentusingsoilculturemethod,selectedtheeightdifferentkindsofplantsplantedinspringandautumn,theanalysisandcomparisonoftheabovegroundandundergroundpartsofCduptakeandaccumulationandthecorrelationbetweentheresiduesinthesoil,anddifferentpHvaluesontheeffectsofplantuptakeandaccumulationofcadmium.Theconclusionsareasfollows:Differentkindsofplantsinacidandalkalineconditionsgrowtharebasicallythesame,acidicconditionsplantfreshanddryweightwasslightlyhigherthanthatofalkalinesoil,butdifferentspeciesofcadmiumaccumulationthereweregreatdifferencesbetween,thevarietieswiththehighestcadmiumcontentgarlandchrysanthemum,theconcentrationof71.51mg/kg,lowestcadmiumcontentofvarietiesisagreenonionandconcentrationfor68.05mg/kg,thedifferencebetweenthetwo3.46mg/kg;CadmiuminsoilresidualbiomassandthesoilCdconcentrationandbiomass,biomasslarger,higherconcentrationsofcadmium,cadmiuminsoilresiduetolowertheamountof,plantsoncadmiumabsorptionandaccumulationofquantityishigh;Enrichmentcoefficientsofplantresponsetotheplantsizeofelementenrichmentcapacity,8speciesofcadmiumaccumulationability,frombigtosmall,followedbychrysanthemum,Chinesecabbage,lettuce,spinach,lettuce,radish,spinach,onions.Planttransportcoefficientresponsesofplantsfromroottoshootthetransportcapacity,transportcoefficientisbigger,saidplantsviarootuptakeofcadmiumtransportedtostemandleafofmore,shootonCdaccumulationabilityisstronger.Keywords:cadmium;absorptionandaccumulation;enrichmentcoefficient;transportcoefficient目录中文摘要...........................................................................................Ⅰ英文摘要...........................................................................................Ⅱ1绪论..................................................................................................11.1综述.................................................................................................................11.2土壤中镉的来源与分布..................................................................................11.2.1大气中镉的沉降..................................................................................11.2.2污水灌溉..............................................................................................21.2.3污泥施肥..............................................................................................21.2.4含重金属废弃物的堆积......................................................................21.3镉污染的危害..................................................................................................21.3.1镉对植物的危害..................................................................................21.3.2镉对动物的危害..................................................................................31.3.3镉对人体的危害..................................................................................31.4影响土壤-植物系统中重金属镉的迁移转化因素........................................41.4.1土壤的理化性质..................................................................................41.4.2植物种类..............................................................................................41.4.3植物不同部位......................................................................................51.5镉污染的治理方法..........................................................................................51.5.1控制镉污染源......................................................................................51.5.2增加改良剂..........................................................................................51.5.3调节土壤pH值....................................................................................61.5.4合理施用有机肥..................................................................................61.5.5植物修复..............................................................................................62研究背景、研究方法和研究内容.....................................................82.1研究背景..........................................................................................................82.2研究方法..........................................................................................................82.3研究内容..........................................................................................................92.3.1不同植物对镉的吸收累积差异..........................................................92.3.2pH对植物中镉累积与土壤残留的影响.............................................92.3.3镉在植物中的累积与土壤残留的相关性........................................102.4实验药品及仪器............................................................................................103结果分析与讨论.............................