浙江省2011年1月高等教育自学考试英语阅读(二)试题

浙00596#英语阅读（二）试题第1页（共14页）全国2011年1月高等教育自学考试英语阅读(二)试题课程代码：00596请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上，全部题目用英文作答(翻译题除外)I.ReadingComprehension(50points,2pointsforeach)Directions:Inthispartofthetest,therearefivepassages.Followingeachpassage,therearefivequestionswithfourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetilebestanswerandthenwritethecorrespondingletteronyourAnswerSheet.PassageOneYounggirlsandwomenneedtobeprotectedfrominducementstosmoke.Tobaccoisamultinational,multi-billiondollarindustry.Itisalsoanindustryunderthreat;onequarterofitscustomers,inthelong-term,havebeenkilledbyusingitsproductandsmokingisdeclininginmanyindustrializedcountries.Tomaintainprofits,tobaccocompaniesneedtoensurethatatleast2.7millionnewsmokers,usuallyyoungpeople,startsmokingeveryyear.Womenhavebeenclearlyidentifiedasakeytargetgroupfortobaccoadvertisinginboththeindustrializedanddevelopingworlds.BillionsofUSdollarseachyeararespentonpromotingthislethalproductspecificallytowomen.Thisstrategyhasbeenhighlightedbyseveraltobaccojournalswhichhavecarriedarticlesontargetingthefemalesmokersandsuggestingthatretailersshould“looktotheladies”.Among20USmagazinesthatreceivedthemostcigaretteadvertisingrevenuein1985,eightwerewomen'smagazines.Inthesameyear,astudyonthecigaretteadvertisingpoliciesof53Britishwomen'smagazinesshowedthat64percentofthemagazinesacceptedcigaretteadvertising,whichrepresentedanaverageofsevenpercentoftotaladvertisingrevenue.Researchinindustrializedcountrieshasshownthesubtlemethodusedtoencouragegirlstosmoke.Theimpactofsuchmethodislikelytobeevengreaterindevelopingcountries,whereyoungpeoplearegenerallylessknowledgeableaboutsmokinghazardsandmaybemoreattractedbyglamorous,affluent,desirableimagesofthefemalesmoker.ThisiswhyWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),togetherwithothernationalandinternationalhealthagencies,hasrepeatedlycalledfornationallegislationbanningallformsoftobaccopromotion,andforanappropriatehighpricepolicywhichwouldslowdownthe“enthusiasm”ofyoungwomenfortobaccoconsumption.浙00596#英语阅读（二）试题第2页（共14页）Younggirlsandwomenhavearighttobeinformedaboutthedamagethatsmokingcandototheirhealth.Theyalsoneedtoacquireskillstoresistpressuretostartsmokingortogiveitup.Severalcountrieshavedevelopedintegratedschoolhealtheducationprogramswhichhavesuccessfullyreducedgirls'smokingrates,butthiseducationshouldnotberestrictedtowhathappensinschool.Therearemanyotherexamplesofeffectivecessationprogramsintheworkplaceandprimaryhealthcenters.Unfortunately,manywomendonothavetheopportunitytobeinvolvedinsuchprograms,andprogramshavegenerallybeenlesssuccessfulwithwomenthanwithmen.Inorderforwomentobecome,andremain,non-smokerstheyneedsupport.Environmentsneedtobecreatedwhichenablethemtobreakfreeofthishealthdamagingbehavior,tomakethehealthychoicesthebestchoices.Questions1-5arebasedonPassageOne.1.Inparagraphone,whydoestheauthorsaythatthetobaccoindustryisunderthreat?A.Therearefewersmokersintheindustrializedworld.B.Thegovernmentisexertingstricterregulations.C.Anti-smokingcampaignsareontherise.D.Itisconstantlybeingsued.2.Accordingtothepassage,inordertoguaranteeprofit,thetobaccoindustryneedsto______.A.usetheiradvertisingmoneymorewiselyB.enrichitsvarietiestoattractpeopleofallagesC.counteracttheinfluenceofanti-smokingcampaignsD.getmillionsmorepeopletotakeupsmokingeveryyear3.“Thisstrategy”inparagraphtworefersto______.A.producingcigarettesappealingtowomenB.promotingtobaccospeciallytowomenC.invitingcelebritiestoendorsecigarettesD.advertisingmainlyinbest-sellingwomen'smagazines4.Whatcanwelearnaboutyoungpeopleindevelopingcountries?A.Theycanhardlyaffordcigarettes.B.Theyreadmanycigaretteadvertisements.浙00596#英语阅读（二）试题第3页（共14页）C.Theyseldomsmokeimportedcigarettes.D.Theyarelessinformedofsmokinghazards.5.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthecessationprogramsmentionedinparagraphfour?A.Theyhavereachedtheirgoalssoonerthanplanned.B.Theyhaveoperatedmoresuccessfullyoncampus.C.Theyhaveproducedbetterresultswithmalesmokers.D.Theyhavegainedgreaterpopularityindevelopingcountries.PassageTwoAnydiscussionofEnglishconversation,likeanyEnglishconversation,mustbeginwithTheWeather.Andinthisspiritofobservingtraditionalprotocol,IshallquoteDrJohnson'sfamouscommentthatWhentwoEnglishmeet,theirfirsttalkisoftheweather,andpointoutthatthisobservationisasaccuratenowasitwasovertwohundredyearsago.This,however,isthepointatwhichmostcommentatorseitherstop,ortry,andfail,tocomeupwithaconvincingexplanationfortheEnglish“obsession”withtheweather.Theyfailbecausetheirpremiseismistaken:theyassumethatourconversationsabouttheweatherareconversationsabouttheweather.Inotherwords,theyassumethatwetalkabouttheweatherbecausewehaveakeeninterestinthesubject.MostofthemthentrytofigureoutwhatitisabouttheEnglishweatherthatissofascinating.BillBryson,forexample,concludesthattheEnglishweatherisnotatallfascinating,andpresumablythatourobsessionwithitisthereforeinexplicable:“Toanoutsider,themoststrikingthingabouttheEnglishweatheristhatthereisnotverymuchofit.Allthosephenomenathatelsewheregivenatureanedgeofexcitement,unpredictabilityanddanger-tornados,monsoons,hailstorms–arealmostwhollyunknownintheBritish