语言学教程(胡壮麟版)综合测试题含标准答案

语言学教程（胡壮麟版）综合测试题含标准答案英语语言学试卷（一）第一部分选择题I.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(2%X10=20%)1.Saussure’sdistinctionandChomsky’sareverysimilar,buttheydifferinthat____________.A.SaussuretookasociologicalviewoflanguagewhileChomskytookapsychologicalpointofviewB.SaussuretookapsychologicalviewoflanguagewhileChomskytookasociologicalpointofviewC.SaussuretookapragmaticviewoflanguagewhileChomskytookasemanticpointofviewD.SaussuretookastructuralviewoflanguagewhileChomskytookapragmaticpointofview2.Languageisasystemof____________vocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.A.unnaturalB.artificialC.superficialD.arbitrary3.Wearebornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,_______________.A.andthedetailsofanylanguagesystemaregeneticallytransmittedB.therefore,weneedn’tlearnthedetailsofourmothertongueC.butthedetailsoflanguagehavetobelearnt.D.andthedetailsareacquiredbyinstinct4.A(n)________isaphonologicalunitofdistinctivevalue.Itisacollectionofdistinctivephoneticfeatures.A.phoneB.allophoneC.phonemeD.sound5.Themorpheme–edintheword“worked”isa(n)__________morpheme.A.derivationalB.inflectionalC.freeD.word-forming6.WH-movementis__________inEnglishwhichchangesasentencefromaffirmativetointerrogative.A.obligatoryB.optionalC.selectionalD.arbitrary7.Namingtheory,oneoftheoldestnotionsconcerningmeaning,wasproposedby_____________.A.GriceB.PlatoC.SaussureD.OgdenandRichards8.“Johnmarriedablondheiress.”__________“Johnmarriedablond.”A.issynonymouswithB.isinconsistentwithC.entailsD.presupposes9.Insemanticanalysisofasentence,thebasicunitiscalled____________,whichistheabstractionofthemeaningofasentence.A.utteranceB.referenceC.predicationD.morpheme10.InAustin’sspeechacttheory,___________istheactofexpressingthespeaker’sintention;itistheactperformedinsayingsomething.A.aperlocutionaryactB.alocutionaryactC.aconstativeactD.anillocutionaryact(1%X10=10%)11.P___________relatesthestudyoflanguagetopsychology.Itaimstoanswersuchquestionsashowthehumanmindworkswhenpeopleuselanguage.12.Ad_________studyoflanguageisahistoricalstudy;itstudiesthehistoricaldevelopmentoflanguageoveraperiodoftime.13.Languageisasystem,whichconsistsoftwosetsofstructures,ortwolevels.Atthelowerlevel,thereisastructureofmeaninglesssounds,whichcanbecombinedintoalargenumberofmeaningfulunitsatthehigherlevel.Thisdesignfeatureiscalledd___________.14.Thearticulatoryapparatusofahumanbeingiscontainedinthreeimportantareas:thepharyngealcavity,theo_________cavityandthenasalcavity.15.Thelocalizationofcognitiveandperceptualfunctionsinaparticularhemisphereofthebrainiscalledl_____________.16.S_____________featuressuchasstress,toneandintonationcaninfluencetheinterpretationofmeaning.17.Phrasestructurerulescangenerateaninfinitenumberofsentences,andsentenceswithinfinitelength,duetotheirr_________properties.18.H__________referstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningsareidenticalinsoundorspelling,orinboth.19.Someimportantmissionsofhistoricallinguistsaretoidentifyandclassifyfamiliesofrelatedlanguagesinagenealogicalfamilytree,andtoreconstructthep____________,theoriginalformofalanguagefamilythathasceasedtoexist.20.InSociolinguistics,speakersaretreatedasmembersofsocialgroups.Thesocialgroupisolatedforanygivenstudyiscalledthespeechc___________.III.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.(2%X10=20%)()21.Linguistsbelievethatwhateveroccursinthelanguagepeopleuseshouldbedescribedandanalyzedintheirinvestigation.()22.Languageisarbitraryinthesensethatthereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweenwordsandwhatthesewordsactuallyreferto.()23.Theconclusionswereachaboutthephonologyofonelanguagecanbegeneralizedintothestudyofanotherlanguage.()24.Themeaning-distinctivefunctionofthetoneisespeciallyimportantinEnglishbecauseEnglish,unlikeChinese,isatypicaltonelanguage.()25.Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguagearefiniteinnumber,andyetthereisnolimittothenumberofsentencesnativespeakersofthatlanguageareabletoproduceandcomprehend.()26.Whenwethinkofaconcept,weactuallytrytoseetheimageofsomethinginourmind’seyeeverytimewecomeacrossalinguisticsymbol.()27.Allutterancescanberestoredtocompletesentences.Forexample,“Goodmorning!”canberestoredto“Iwishyouagoodmorning.”()28.Twopeoplewhoarebornandbroughtupinthesametownandspeakthesameregionaldialectmayspeakdifferentlybecauseofanumberofsocialfactors.()29.BlackEnglishislinguisticallyinferiortostandardEnglishbecauseBlackEnglishisnotassystematicasstandardEnglish.()30.Anychildwhoiscapableofacquiringsomeparticularhumanlanguageiscapableofacquiringanyhumanlanguagespontaneouslyandeffortlessly.IV.Directions:Explainthefollowingterms.(3%X10=30%)31.parole:32.broadtranscripti