数控机床驱动系统设计及仿真

安徽工程大学毕业设计（论文）I数控机床驱动系统设计及仿真摘要本文首先从数控机床伺服系统的设计入手，以此为基础选择电机类型——交流永磁同步伺服电动机，并对永磁同步伺服电动机的工作原理以及矢量控制思想进行了简要说明，建立了交流永磁同步伺服电动机的控制模型及数控机床交流伺服系统的电流环、速度环、位置环三闭环结构仿真模型，接着对该模型进行了赋值。随后为解决控制系统性能问题，应用MATLAB/SIMULINK模块对整个系统进行了仿真。通过对软件得出的开环系统Bode图和闭环系统Bode图的分析，并以此选则稳定性较好的闭环系统。为获得稳定性能更好且用较少时间便可以达到稳定的系统，我们采用PID控制器在SIMULINK进行模拟调控，使数控机床交流伺服系统设计整定的效率和精度、动态响应性能得到提升。之后本文对数控机床传动系统机械部分进行简要的设计计算并对机构零件作了选择。关键词:数控机床；交流伺服系统；系统仿真；PID控制：数控机床驱动系统设计及仿真IITheDesignAndSimulationOfServoControlOnNCMachineAbstractThearticlediscussthedesignofdrivingsysteminnumericallycontrollathefirstly,soastochosethetypeofmotor——permanentmagnetsynchronousservomotorinAC,itdescribestheprincipleofpermanentmagnetsynchronousservomotoroperationandvectorcontrolthoughtsbrieflyinthesametime.IthasestablishedthecontrolmodelingofpermanentmagnetsynchronousservomotorinACandthetripleclosedloopsimulationmodelingofelectricloop，speedloopandpositionloopinnumericallycontrollatheACservosystem,followedbyassignmentforthemodel.Inordertoresolvethesolutiontotheproblemofsystemcontrolfunction,ithassimulatedforthewholesystembyMATLAB/SIMULINK.AftertheanalysisofBodepicturesinopenloopsystemandclosedloopsystem,wechosetheclosedloopsystembecauseitismoresteadily.Inordertoacquiremoresteadilysystemanduselesstimetoreachstability,weadoptthePIDcontrollertosimulateregulationinSIMULINK,ithaselevatedtheefficiency,precisionandthefunctionofdynamicresponseinthedesignofnumericallycontrollatheACservosystem.Afterwards,ithasdesignedandcalculatedbrieflyfordrivesystemofthenumericallycontrollatheinmechanicalpartandchosethepartofmechanism.Keywords:numericallycontrollathe;ACservosystem;systemsimulation;PIDcontrol安徽工程大学毕业设计（论文）III目录引言.......................................................................................................................................-1-第1章绪论.........................................................................................................................-2-1.1本课题的研究背景与意义...................................................................................-2-1.1.1课题研究背景.....................................................................................................-2-1.1.2本课题的研究目的及意义.................................................................................-2-1.2本课题的研究现状和发展趋势...........................................................................-3-1.2.1课题研究现状......................................................................................................-3-1.2.2课题发展趋势....................................................................................................-3-1.3数控机床驱动系统研究的主要内容....................................................................-3-第2章伺服系统的设计与计算..........................................................................................-5-2.1伺服系统总体框架的选择.....................................................................................-5-2.2伺服系统驱动器的总体框架.................................................................................-5-2.3三环控制结构的作用.............................................................................................-6-2.4数学模型的建立和仿真.........................................................................................-7-2.4.1电机的数学模型..................................................................................................-7-2.4.2电流环设计..........................................................................................................-8-2.4.3速度环的设计....................................................................................................-11-2.4.4位置环的设计....................................................................................................-12-2.4.5传递函数的赋值................................................................................................-13-第3章系统稳定性分析及仿真........................................................................................-19-3.1系统稳定性分析...................................................................................................-19-3.2伺服系统仿真.......................................................................................................-23-第4章控制系统的PID调节...........................................................................................-27-4.1数字PID控制简介..............................................................................................-27-4.2PID控制器原理...................................................................................................-27-4.3比例、积分、微分系数范围的确定...................................................................-28-第5章传动系统设计计算................................................................................................-32-5.1电机的选择...........................................................................................................-32-5.2滚珠丝杠的设计计算...........................................................................................-32-5.2.1传动方案的设计................................................................................................-33-5.2.2滚珠丝杠支撑方式的选择........................................