外源一氧化氮对苹果采后黑斑病的控制-王迪

ScienceandTechnologyofFoodIndustry201518，*，，，，，，730070：NOsodiumnitroprussideSNPAlternariaalternata、。SNPA.alternata1g/100mLSNP70%75.9%SNPA.alternata。SNP0.5g/100mLSNP。NO。：ControloverexogenousNOonblackspotofappleWANGDi，LIYong-cai*，BIYang，YUXiao-yan，TANGYing，PANJing-yu，WANGTing，ZHANGXi-tongCollegeofFoodScienceandEngineeringGansuAgriculturalUniversityLanzhou730070ChinaAbstract：Effectofnitricoxide（NO）donorsodiumnitroprusside（SNP）onthegrowth，colonialmorphologyandmicrostructureofAlternariaalternatawerestudiedinvitro，anditscurativeandpreventativeeffectforappleblackspotcontrolwerealsoevaluated.TheresultsshowedthatSNPcouldsignificantlyinhibitsporegerminationandmyceliagrowthofA.alternataandtheeffectwasindosedependentmanner.Theinhibitoryratiosofsporegerminationandmyceliagrowthreachedto70%，and75.9%respectivelywhentreatedwith1g/100mLSNP.Roughsurfaces，uniformthickness，distortedcellandrupturedcellmembranewereobservedaftertreatmentwithSNPbyscanningelectronmicroscopy（SEM）andtransmissionelectronmicroscopy（TEM）.Meanwhile，SNPtreatmentnotonlycouldcuretheblackrotoninoculatedapple，butalsoinducetheincreaseoffruitresistancetopreventdiseasedevelopmemt，theoptimuminhibitoryconcentrationwas0.5g/100mLSNP.ResultssuggestedthatNO，asasafepreservativealternativetosynthesisfungicide，mighthavepotentialapplicationforpostharvestdiseasecontrol.Keywords：apples；blackspot；nitricoxide（NO）；postharvestdiseases；Alternariaalternata：TS255.2：A：1002-0306（2015）18-0358-04doi：10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2015.18.064：2015－01－30：[e-mail]。*：[e-mail]。：1102-01GNSW-2011-11。。PenicilliumexpensumAlternariaalternataA.alternata、[1]。。、、[2]。NO、、[3-5]。NONO、[6]。NOWills[7]NO。Lazar[8]NOAspergillusniger、Moniliniafructicola、Penicilliumitalicium。Thomas[9]NOColletrotichum358201518Vol.36,No.18,2015coccodesNO。NOManjunatha[10]NOSNPPennisetumglaucumSclerosporagraminicola。Lai[11]1mmol/LSNPBotrytiscinerea。NOA.alternata。NOsodiumnitroprussideSNPNO。11.1“”2014102~4℃、NOSNP。LDZX-30KBSSW-CJ-2FDDHP-9052CX21FS1CS3400NH-76508mm2mm。1.21.2.11.2.1.1Alternariaalternata[12]PDA4℃。。1.2.1.2Bi[13]。PDA7d1×106/mL。1.2.2NOSNPYao[14]。PDA60℃0.25、0.5、1g/100mLSNPSNP。0.8cm28℃7d3。1.2.3NOSNP10μL0.25、0.5、1g/100mLSNP10μL25℃3。1.2.4NOSNP[15]。1g/100mLSNP7d0.5cm×0.5cm2%v/v4℃2h50%、70%、95%、100%10min20min。。。1g/100mLSNP7d0.5cm×0.5cm2%v/v4℃2h10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、100%10minEpon818。。1.2.5NOSNP[16]。PDA7d1×106/mL。2%2min75%。2mm320μL。0.25、0.5、1g/100mLSNP2minPE7d13。1.333SPSS19.0Duncan’sp＜0.05。22.1NOSNPlSNPp＜0.051g/100mLSNP7d31.6cm70%。2.2NOSNP2。SNPSNP＜0.5g/100mL1SNPFig.1EffectofSNPonmycelialgrowthofA.alternatap＜0.054。SNPg/100mL00.250.516050403020100mmabcd359ScienceandTechnologyofFoodIndustry201518abcdef1μm1μm0.5μm0.5μm3NOFig.3EffectofNOonmycelialgrowthformandhyphaeultrastructureofAlternariaalternatea.CK×1800b.NO×1800c.CK×15000d.NO×15000e.CK×20000f.NO×20000。0.25g/100mL0.5g/100mLSNPp＞0.05。6h87.7%1g/100mLSNP66.5%p＜0.05。2.3NOSNP、3a1g/100mLSNP3b。、3c3eNO、、3d3f。2.4NOSNPNOSNP40.5g/100mL57%1g/100mLSNPSNP[17]。3NO1g/100mLp＜0.05。Wills[8]NOAspergillusniger、Moniliniafructicola、Penicilliumitalicium、Colletrotichumcoccodes。NO[18]。Botrytiscinerea[11]Colletotrichumcoccodes[9]Fusariumeumartii[19]。NONOCarreras[20]NOATPNADHNO。0.5g/100mLSNPNO。[21]NO。[22]。NO2SNPFig.2EffectofNOonsporegerminationofA.alternatep0.05。h0246100806040200%0g/100mL0.25g/100mL0.5g/100mL1g/100mLabcbcabcabaabbccaaab4NOFig.4TheeffectofNOonincidenceofinoculatedapplefruitSNPg/100mL00.250.5135302520151050mmabcb360201518Vol.36,No.18,2015[6].[J].2014325.[7].[J].2013355940-944.[8].[J].201338226-31.[9].[J].2014415871-874.[10].[J].2011322172-175.[11].[J].201134-6.[12].[J].201331437-41.[13].12[J].201134135-40.[14].[J].200526114-18.[15].[J].2011276-78.[16].[M].200179.NO。[1].[J].2014354327-330.[2].30[J].20086246-248.[3].NO[J].2007282327-329.[4]MillarAHDayDA.Nitricoxideinhibitsthecytochromeoxidasebutnotthealternativeoxidaseofplantmitochondria[J].FEBSletters19963982155-158.[5]CaroAPuntaruloS.Nitricoxidegenerationbysoybeanembryonicaxes.Possibleeffectonmitochondrialfunction[J].Freeradicalresearch199931S205-S212.[6]ThomasDDRidnourLAIsenbergJSetal.Thechemicalbiologyofnitricoxideimplicationsincellularsignaling[J].FreeRadicalBiologyandMedicine200845118-31.[7]WillsRBHKuVVVLeshemYY.Fumigationwithnitricoxidetoextendthepostharvestlifeofstrawberries[J].PostharvestBiologyandTechnology200018175-79.[8]LazardEEWillsRBHHoBTetal.AntifungaleffectofgaseousnitricoxideonmyceliumgrowthsporulationandsporegerminationofthepostharvesthorticulturepathogensAspergillusnigerMoniliniafructicolaandPenicilliumitalicum[J].Lettersinappliedmicrobiology2008466688-692.[9]WangJHiggensVJ.NitricoxidehasaregulatoryeffectinthegerminationofconidiaofColletotrichumcoccodes[J].FungalGeneticsandBiology2005424284-292.[10]ManjunathaGNniranjan-rajSPrasnanthGNetal.Nitricoxideisinvolvedinchitosan-inducedsystemicresistanceinpearlmilletagainstdownymildewdisease[J].Pestmanagementscience2009657737-743.[11]LaiTWangYLiBetal.Defenseresponsesoftomatofruittoexogenousnitricoxideduringpostharveststorage[J].Postharv