无线遥控智能小车的设计

I无线遥控智能小车的设计摘要面对诸多人类不容易到达的工作环境，为了有效的到达指定位置完成指定功能，就需要采用智能小车去现场来完成相应的任务。因此研究和开发无线遥控智能小车引导控制系统具有十分重要的意义。无线遥控小车具有体积小、成本低、生存能力强等特点。本设计基于单片机控制和无线数据传输技术的设计思想。利用两片单片机构成主从结构，主机发送控制指令，从机接收控制指令并控制小车运动。主机由STC89C52单片机、LCD1602显示、NRF24l01无线模块和控制按键组成，从机由小车底盘、NRF24l01无线模块、电机驱动、HC-RS04超声波测距模块和STC89C52单片机组成。主机和从机基于无线模块进行数据传输，主机电路主要负责发送小车运动状态的控制指令；从机电路主要负责小车运动状态指令的接受和实现对运动状态的控制。电机由电机专用驱动芯片L298N驱动，通过单片机的控制，可轻松实现小车的前进、后退、左转、右转等的控制。无线遥控智能小车控制系统的软件设计分为主机和从机两部分。主机软件设计分为无线通讯程序，按键控制程序，显示程序，从机软件设计分为小车超声波避障程序，无线通讯程序，电机驱动程序。概括来说，本设计就是用遥控器发射控制信号，用单片机控制直流电机输出相应的电平控制车辆的前行或者后退等动作，进而实现小车的智能遥控功能。关键词：STC89C52；无线遥控；智能小车IIAbstractFacingarangeofworkingenvironmentthathumanbeingscannotreacheasily,itisnecessarytoemploytheintelligentcartogotothescenetoaccomplishthecorrespondingtaskinordertoreachthespecifiedlocationtocompletethespecifiedfunctioneffectively.Therefore,itisofgreatimportancetostudyanddeveloptheguidanceandcontrolsystemofthewirelessremotecontrolledintelligenttrolley.Thewirelessremotecontrolledcarischaracteristicedbysmallsize,lowcost,strongsurvivabilityandsoon.Thedesignisbasedonthethinkingaboutthesingle-chipcontrolandwirelessdatatransmissiontechnique.Usingtwomicrocontrollersconstitutesthemaster-slavestructure.Thehostsendscontrolcommands,whichtheslavereceivesandthencontrolsthetrolleymovement.ThehostconsistsoftheSTC89C52microcontroller,LCD1602display,NRF24l01wirelessmoduleandcontrolbuttonswhiletheslaveismadeupofthecarchassis,NRF24l01wirelessmodule,motordrive,HC-RS04ultrasonicdistancemeasurementmoduleandSTC89C52microcontroller.Thehostandslavearebasedonthewirelesscommunicationmodulefordatatransmission.Thehostcircuitismainlyresponsibleforsendingmovementcontrolinstructionstothecar;theslavecircuitismainlyresponsiblefortheacceptanceofthemovementstateofthecarandtherealizationofthecontrolofthestateofmotion.Themotorisdrivenbythemotor-specificdriverchipL298N.Throughthecontrolofthesinglechipcomputer,thecontrolofcartoadvance,gobackward,turnleftandrightcanbeeasilyrealized.Thesoftwaredesignofwirelessremotecontrolintelligentcarcontrolsystemisdividedintotwopartsofthehostandslave.Hostsoftwaredesignisdividedintowirelesscommunicationprocedures,buttoncontrolprocedures,displayprocedures.Slavesoftwaredesignisdividedintotrolleyultrasonicobstacleavoidanceprocedures,wirelesscommunicationproceduresandmotordrivers.Tosumup,thedesignistousetheremotecontroltolaunchcontrolsignalsandsingle-chiptocontrolDCmotortooutputcorrespondinglevelofelectricitytocontrolthevehiclegoingforwardorbackwardandotheractions,andthenitrealizesintelligentremotecontrolfunctionofthecar.Keywords:STC89C52;remotecontrol;intelligentcarI目录摘要.....................................................................................................................................IAbstract.....................................................................................................................................II第1章绪论..............................................................................................................................11.1课题研究主要内容及要求..........................................................................................11.2课题研究的目的和意义..............................................................................................11.1.1研究的目的.......................................................................................................11.1.2研究的意义.......................................................................................................11.3课题国内外研究状况..................................................................................................21.4总结.............................................................................................................................2第2章总体方案设计..............................................................................................................32.1总体设计......................................................................................................................32.2方案论证......................................................................................................................42.2.1系统控制模块选择..........................................................................................42.2.2小车遥控选择...................................................................................................52.2.3上位机显示模块设计选择...............................................................................62.2.4下位机电机的选择...........................................................................................72.2.5下位机避障模块设计选择...............................................................................82.2.6直流调速方案选择..........................................................................................92.2.7电源模块设计选择...........................................................................................92.3本章小结....................................................................................................................10第3章系统模块电路............................................................................................